Fund Test 4

unable to produce or understand language

motor type of aphasia; inability to name common objects or to express simple ideas in words or writing

inability to understand written or spoken language

hearing

caused be excessive cerumen occluding the ear canal (with aging, cerumen thickens and builds up in the ear canal)

false or pathologic belief

taste

excessive sensitivity to tactile stimuli

a distortion of sensory perception; may be auditory, visual, or tactile

sense that enables a person to be aware of the position and movement of body parts without seeing them

smell

ear, nose, and throat specialist - may be good doctor to refer patients to if you suspect hearing loss

toxic to the ears, may permanently damage the auditory nerve

the ability to respond to stimuli originating from within the body regarding spatial position or movement

most common visual error; defect in the ability of the lens of the eyes to focus light, such as occurs in nearsightedness or farsightedness

smell

ear, nose, and throat specialist - may be good doctor to refer patients to if you suspect hearing loss

toxic to the ears, may permanently damage the auditory nerve

the ability to respond to stimuli originating from within the body regarding spatial position or movement

most common visual error; defect in the ability of the lens of the eyes to focus light, such as occurs in nearsightedness or farsightedness

a deficit in the normal function of sensory reception and perception

occurs when a person experiences an inadequate quality or quantity of stimulation, such as monotonous or meaningless stimuli

occurs when a person receives multiply sensory stimuli and cannot perceptually disregard or selectively ignore some stimuli

a sense that allows a person to recognize an object's size, shape, and texture

abnormal ocular condition in which the eyes are crossed; causes visual impairment

touch

begins with stimulation of a nerve cell (ex light, touch, sound); this stimulation travels to the brain along nerve pathways and the spinal cord

occurs in the brain (cerebral cortex) this is when the person becomes aware of the stimulus

occurs when a stimulus travels down a motor nerve to a target organ

a gradual decline in the ability of the lens to accommodate or to focus on close objects; individual is unable to see near objects clearly

cloudy or opaque areas in part of the lens or the entire lens; problems with glare and blurred vision; develop gradually without pain

result when tear glands produce too few tears resulting in itching, burning, or even reduced vision

slowly progressive increase in intraocular pressure that causes progressive pressure against the optic nerves, resulting in peripheral visual loss, decreased visual acuity with difficulty adapting to darkness, and a halo effect around lights, if left untreated

pathological changes occur in the blood vessels of the retina, resulting in decreased vision or vision loss due to hemorrhage and macular edema

condition in which the macula (specialized portion of the retina responsible for central vision) loses its ability to function efficiently

a common progressive hearing disorder in older adults; loss of hearing acuity

buildup of earwax in the external auditory canal; cerumen becomes hard and collects in the canal and causes a conduction deafness

common condition in older adulthood, usually resulting from vestibular dysfunction

decrease in saliva production that leads to thicker mucus and a dry mouth

disorder of the peripheral nervous system, characterized by symptoms that include numbness and tingling of the affected area and stumbling gait (mostly legs and feet but may be upper extremities)

cerebrovascular accident caused by clot, hemorrhage, or emboli disrupting blood flow to the brain

Diet: complex carbs, lowfat, whole grain products, vegetables/fruits to promote normal bowel function

Diet: orange juice, apricots, cantaloupes, and bananas for clients with K losses

Diet: milk & dairy products; osteoporosis and kidney failure

Diet: athletes, dietician or MD needs to prescribe

Diet: Avoid fresh fruits, raw veggies, nuts, seeds, dried fruits, black pepper or any other foods that carry pseudomonas aeruginosa

serum sodium normal level

serum potassium normal level

serum chloride normal level

serum calcium normal level

serum phosphate normal level

serum magnesium normal level

Increased magnesium

Decreased magnesium

Increased phosphorous

Decreased phosphorous

Increased calcium

Decreased calcium

Increased chloride

Decreased chloride

Increased potassium

Decreased potassium

Increased sodium

Decreased sodium

Olfactory nerve function

Optic nerve function

Oculomotor nerve function

Trochlear nerve function

Trigeminal nerve function

Abducens nerve function

Facial nerve function

Auditory nerve function

Glossophayngeal nerve function

Vagus nerve function

Accessory nerve function

Hypoglossal nerve function

all fluids within the cells of the body

blood plasma found in the vascular system

fluid separated from other fluids by a cellular barrier

Positive ions

the movement of a pure solvent, such as water, across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of lesser solute (electroyle) to an area of greater solute concentration

a random movement of a solute through a semi-permeable membrane from higher to lower concentrations

movement across a membrane, under pressure, from higher to lower pressure

movement of ions against osmotic pressure to an area of higher pressure

what is normal intake daily?

where is ADH stored?

Renin acts to produce angiotensin I, which causes what?

Overall effect of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone mechanism:

what is the most abundant extracellular cation?

what is the most abundant intracellular cation?

what is the primary cause of hyperkalemia?

what are the 3 main anions of body fluids?

substance or group of substances that can absorb or release H+ to correct acid/base imbalance

Acid/base regulator: carbonic acid/base buffer system

Acid/base regulator: absorption and release of H+ by the cell

Acid/base regulator: lungs and kidneys

How do we get out of balance?

balance of fluid and electrolytes is maintained by what 2 body systems?

elements or compounds that when dissolved or dissociated in water or other solvent separate into ions that are electrically charged

what are the 4 processes by which fluids and electrolytes shift from compartment to compartment?

T or F: Osmosis requires work.

drawing power of water and depends on the number of molecules in solution

term that describes the concentration of solutions, reflects the number of molecules in a liter of solution, and is measured in milliosmoles per liter

Pulls fluid from cells, causing them to shrink (ex. 3% sodium chloride)

example of when you would give a hypertonic solution

expand the body's fluid volume without causing a fluid shift from one compartment to another

moves fluid into the cells, causing them to enlarge (ex. 0.45% sodium chloride)

example of when you would give a hypotonic solution

what is the normal amount of fluid output daily?

prevents diuresis, causes the body to save water

works on renal tubules and collecting ducts to save water and return it to systemic circulation

plays a critical role in the balance of fluid and electrolytes and the maintenance of vascular tone

a hormone secreted from atrial cells of the heart in response to atrial stretching and increase in circulating blood volume

acts as a diuretic that causes sodium loss and inhibits the thirst mechanism

what organs do you lose fluid from?

continuous and occurs through the skin and lungs; patient does not perceive the loss, but it can significantly increase with fever or burns

occurs through excess perspiration and can be perceived by the client or through inspection. Sympathic nervous system activates sweat glands to regulate water loss from the skin.

what EKG changes will you see with hypokalemia?

what 2 electrolytes are inversely related?

what is pH a reflection of?

what is CO2 regulated by?

what is HCO3 regulated by?

the energy needed to maintain life-sustaining activities like breathing, circulation, heart rate, and temperature for a specific period of time at rest

the amount of energy an individual needs to consume over a 24 hours period for the body to maintain all its internal working activities while at rest

the elements necessary for body process and function: carbs, proteins, fats, water, vitamins and minerals

what are the macronutrients?

what are the micronutrients?

fat soluble vitamins

water soluble vitamins

what is the main source of energy in the diet?

protein like substances that act as catalysts to speed up chemical reactions

avoids meat, fish, and poultry but eats eggs and milk

drinks milk but no eggs

consumes only plant foods

fruits, nuts, honey and olive oil (nutrient poor)

Diet: thickened diet for clients with difficulty swallowing (CVA)

IBW for females

IBW for males

Albumin level

Total lymphocyte count

Total pre-albumin

what could giving protein too fast cause?

what is restricted with celiac disease?

Diet: small meals, low fat, high protein, NO carbonated beverages, or high fiber

Diet: minimizes elimination, restrict high fiber foods, fried foods, pepper, alcohol, heavy seasonings ect - IBS

Diet: for malabsorption, chronic pancreatitis, gallbladder disease or clients with CVD, CHF

Diet: renal disease and liver disease

15 g of carb = ? servings

how many calories should a diabetic intake daily?