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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Atomic theory
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an explanation of the structure of matter in terms of different combination of very small particles
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Atom
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an extremely small particle of matter that retains its identity during chemical reactions
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compound
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a type of matter composed of atoms of two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions
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chemical reaction
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the rearrangement of the atoms present in the reacting substances to give new chemical combinations present in the substances formed by the reaction
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atomic symbol
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a one or two letter notation used to represent an atom corresponding to a particular element
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law of multiple proportions
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when two elements form more than one compound, the masses of one element in these compounds for a fixed mass of the other element are in ratios of small whole numbers
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nucleus
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an atoms central core, which is positively charged and contains most of the atoms mass
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electron
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a very light, negatively charged particle that exist in the region around the atom's positively charged nucleus.
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proton
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is a nuclear particle having a positive charge equal to that of the electron
and a mass more than 1800 times that of the electron |
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atomic number
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(Z) is therefore the number of protons in the nucleus of an
atom. |
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element
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is a substance whose atoms all have the same atomic number.
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neutron
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is a nuclear particle having a mass almost identical to that of the proton but
no electric charge. |
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Mass Number
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(A) is the total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
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nuclide
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is an atom characterized by a definite atomic number and mass number
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Isotopes
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are atoms whose nuclei have the same atomic number but different mass numbers; that is, the nuclei have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons
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atomic mass unit
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(amu)is, therefore, a mass unit equal to exactly one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom
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atomic mass
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is the average atomic mass for the naturally occurring element, expressed in atomic mass units.
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fractional abundance
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is the fraction of the total number of atoms that is composed of a particular isotope.
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periodic table
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A tabular arrangement of
elements in rows and columns, highlighting the regular repetition of properties of the elements |
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A period consists of
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the elements in any one horizontal row of
the periodic table. |
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A group consists of
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the elements in any one column of the periodic table.
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metal
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is a substance or mixture that has a characteristic luster, or shine, and is generally a good conductor of
heat and electricity |
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non metal
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is an element that does not exhibit the characteristics of a metal.Most
of the nonmetals are gases |
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A metalloid,or semimetal
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is an element having both metallic and nonmetallic properties.
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chemical formula
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is a notation that uses atomic symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of atoms of the different
elements in the substance |
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molecule
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is a definite group of atoms that are chemically bonded together—that is,
tightly connected by attractive forces |
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molecular formula
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gives the exact number of different atoms of an element in a molecule
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Polymers
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are very large molecules that are made up of a number of smaller molecules repeatedly linked together.
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Monomers
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are the small molecules that are linked together to form the polymer.
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ion
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is an electrically charged particle obtained from an atom or chem-ically bonded group of atoms by adding or removing electrons.
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anion
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a negatively charged ion
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cation
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a positively charged ion
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ionic compound
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is a compound composed of cations and anions.
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formula unit
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of a substance is the group of atoms or ions explicitly symbolized in the formula
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organic compounds
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An important class of molecular substances that contain carbon combined with other elements, such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
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Hydrocarbons
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are those
compounds containing only hydrogen and carbon. |
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functional group
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is a reactive portion of a molecule that undergoes predictable reactions
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Chemical nomenclature
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is the
systematic naming of chemical compound |
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Inorganic compounds
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are composed of elements other than carbon.
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monatomic ion
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an ion formed from a single atom
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polyatomic ion
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is an ion consisting of two or more atoms chemically bonded together and carrying a net electric charge.
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binary compound
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is a compound composed of only two elements.
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An oxoacid
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is an acid containing hydrogen, oxygen, and another element (often called the central atom)
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hydrate
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is a compound that contains water molecules weakly bound in its crystals
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chemical equation
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is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in terms of chemical formulas.
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reactant
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is a starting substance in a chemical reaction.
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product
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is a substance that results from a reaction
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