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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Necrosis is?
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death of group of cells w/in living body caused by injurious agent
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Post-necrotic changes are?
(3) |
Nuclear changes
-cytoplasmic change -architectural changes |
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Nuclear changes include?
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pyknosis
karyorrhexis karyolysis |
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cytoplasmic change is?
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swollen cell
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Architectural changes...
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depend on whether denaturation of proteins or enzymatic digestion
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Types of Necrosis
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Types of necrosis
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They depend on the balance between protein denaturation(cell coagulation) and cell lysis and include? (7)
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1. coagulative necrosis
2. colliquative necrosis 3. caseous necrosis 4. enzymatic fat necrosis 5. traumatic fat necrosis 6. fibrinoid necrosis 7. gangrene |
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Coagulative necrosis is the most ?
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common type of necrosis(all tissue xcept brain-abscesses)
-caused by: ischemia -necrotic cells retain their outline |
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Naked eye appearance of coagulative necrosis presents?
microscopic appearance? |
N.E.- area appears PALE, firm and swollen
Mic- 1. cells devoid of nucleiappear as mass of pink homogenous cytoplasm 2. keep outline for several days till removed by phagocytosis |
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colliquative (liquefactive) necrosis.
the mechanism is? necrotic tissue presents? |
cell lysis prevails over protewin denaturation-
2. soft-liquid like |
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Causes of colliquative necrosis is?
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1. necrotic lesions of BRAIN: more abundant lysosomal enzymes and lack of good struct support
2. ABSCESS |
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causes of caseous Necrosis is? the mechanisms are?
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cause is TB.
mechanism: coagulative necrosis w/ partial liquefication 2. necrotic cells neither retain outline 3. appear as amorphous debris 4. grossly, debris appear grayish white (cheesy) 5. resembles clumpy cheese, hence the name CASEOUS NECROSIS |
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Enzymatic necrosis cause?
mechanism? |
**Chalky white***
cause: release of pancreatic enzymes into surrounding tissue (e.g. traumatic injury, acute pancreas) Mechanism: phospholipases and proteases attack plasma membrane o fat cells and lipases split triglyc into FA. clacium soaps; hard chalky white patches |
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Traumatic fat necrosis causes?
mechanisms? |
trauma to fatty tissue e.g breast, subcutaneous
-Mechanism- release of intracellular fat---> acute inflam and fibrosis----> firm mass mistaken for breast cancer |
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Fibrinoid necrosis is?
Causes? |
Loss of normal structure
causes: malignant hypertension 2. autoimmune diseases; synovial membranes in RA. |
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Gangrene
Definition? Types? |
def: mass necrosis of tissue due to vascular occlusion followed by putrefaction
Types- 1. dry gangrene 2. wet gangrene 3. gas gangrene |
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Dry gangrene occurs in?
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toes and feet due to gradual occlusion of arteries.
**atherosclerosis due to diabetes----> coagulative necrosis -tissue is mummified and black - LINE OF DEMARCATION |
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Wet gangrene occurs in?
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limbs (crush injury) and internal organs, occlusion of both artery and vein
-severe bacterial infection, liquefaction of dead tissue and toxemia (LIQUEFACTIVE NECROSIS) |
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Gas gangrene causes?
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-both tissue necrosis and putrefaction are caused by BACTERIA
- contamination of DEEP WOUNDS involving muscles w/ CLOSTRDIUM PERFINGENS - extensive tissue necrosis, CRACKLING SENSATION ON PALPATION |
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Apoptosis definition?
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death of single cells w/in clusters of other cells.
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apoptosis differs from necrosis and represents a physiological process where....
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abnormal cells die and are then eliminated
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Pathological cause of apoptosis is..
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cell injury in viral hepatitis----> apoptotic bodies called COUNCILMAN BODIES, taken by liver cells.
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