genetics Flash Cards

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Title: genetics
Description: Here are 27 important terms about genetics for you to know. (Language Activity)
Number of Cards: 38
Save Count: 2
Author: blovelandsennett7
Created: 2001-12-04
Tags: biology
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    • Question
    • Answer
    • Side 3
    • inbreeding
    • the mating of individuals closely related genetically
    • anther
    • Part of a plant - the part of the stamen that contains pollen.
    • Allele
    • One of the alternate forms of the same functional gene. Alleles are separated from each other at meiosis.
    • chromosomes
    • One of the boies in the cell nucleus containing genes in a linear order. Like threads or rods of chromatin, which appear in a contracted form during mitosis and meiosis.
    • carrier
    • someone whose gene contains the recessive trait.
    • gametes
    • the mature haploid reproductive cell whose nucleus fuses with the gamete of the opposite sex (resulting in reproduction)with the resulting cell (zygote) developing into a new individual.
    • geneticist
    • a person who studies genetics - heredity and variation in organisms.
    • hybrid
    • offspring of parents that differ in one or more heritable characters; offspring of 2 different varieties or species.
    • heredity
    • the transfer of characteristics from parent to offspringby transmission of genes from ancestor to descendant.
    • Mendel
    • the father of modern genetics
    • insulin
    • a protein pancreatic hormone essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates, used to treat diabetes
    • generation
    • a body of living beingsmaking a single step in the line of descent from an ancestor.
    • genotype
    • the genetic makeup of an organism, either latent or expressed; the sum total of all the genes in an organism.
    • meiosis
    • nuclear division resulting in chromosomal division from diploid to haploid and segregation and reassortment of the genes occurs. Gametes or spores may be produced.
    • select breed
    • purposeful crossing of species
    • Secretariat
    • a carefully bred race horse.
    • sickle cell
    • an inherited disease that results in misshapen blood cells.
    • punnett square
    • the checkerboard diagram used to analyze gene segregation.
    • environment
    • surroundings, habitat, including food, shelter, education, parenting, etc., all of which may affect behavior and health.
    • pistil
    • the single or fused carpel of a plant, usually containing a stamen, stigma and ovary.
    • drosphila
    • the Latin name for the fruit fly
    • mitosis
    • nuclear division characterized by exact chromosome duplication and the formation of two identical daughter cells.
    • dominant
    • a trait that exerts its full effect regardless of its allele.
    • genotype
    • the genetic makeup of an organism,
    • diabetes
    • an inherited disease that prevents proper processing of insulin in the body.
    • mutation
    • an inheritable change in the chromosomes.
    • offspring
    • the young or children of an animal or plant
    • pure
    • gentically stable and free from any inbreeding for one or more characteristics or traits.
    • recessive
    • a gene whose expression is masked by a dominant allele.
    • replicate
    • to produce a replica or copy of itself.
    • hemophilia
    • an inherited disease of the blood characterized by lack of clotting.
    • color blind
    • a vision defect produced by a recessive allele of the normal gene.
    • cross pollinate
    • the exchange of sperm between two plants and subsequent fertilization.
    • identical twin
    • twins born as a result of the splitting of one fertilized egg.
    • fraternal twin
    • twins born of two separate and diffrent fertilized eggs
    • gene pool
    • all of the alleles of a gene in a population
    • genetics
    • The study of heredity and variation in organisms.
    • phenotype
    • the observable characteristics of an organism resulting from the interaction between its genetic makeup and the environment.