Genetics Vocab Ch. 25 of Pierce 3rd ed

proportion of a particular allele in a population

selection in which one trait or allele is favored over another

effective number of breeding adults in a population; influencedby the number of individuals contributing genes to the next generation, their sex ratio, variation between individuals in reproductive succes, fluctuations in population size, the age structure of the population, and whether mating is random

Situation in which no urther change takes place; in population genetics, refers to a population in which allelic frequencies do not change

reproductive success of a genotype compared with that of other genotypes in a population

point at which one allele reaches a frequency of 1. At this point, all members of the population are homozygous for the same allele.

sampling error that arises when a population is established by a small number of individuals; leads to genetic drift

total of all genes in a population

sampling error that arises when a population undergoes a drastic reduction in population size; leads to genetic drift

change in allelic frequency due to sampling error

introduction of new genetic variation into an inbred population that often dramatically improves the health of the population in an effort to increase its chances of long term surviavl

proportion of a particular genotype

frequencies of genotypes when the conditions of the Hardy-Weinberg law are met

Important principle of population genetics stating that, in a large, randomly mating population not affected by mutation, migration, or natural selection, allelic frequencies will not change and genotypic frequencies stabilize after one generation in the proportions p^2 (the frequency of AA), 2pq (the frequency of Aa), and q^2 (the frequency of aa), where p equals the frequency of allele A and q equals the frequency of allele a

mating between related individuals that takes place more frequently than expected on the basis of chance

measure of inbreeding; the probability (ranging from 0 to 1) that two alleles are identical by descent

decreased fitness arising from inbreeding; often due to the increased expression of lethal and deleterious recessive traits

group of interbreeding, sexually reproducing individuals

movement of genes from one population to another; also called gene flow

mating between unlike individuals that is more frequent than would be expected on the basis of chance

mating between unrelated individuals that is more frequent than would be expected on the basis of chance

selection in which the heterozygote has higher fitness than that of either homozygote; also called heterzygote advantage

maing between like individuals that is more frequent than would be expected on the basis of chance

deviations from expected ratios due to chnce occurrences when the number of events is small

measure of the relative intensity of selection against a genotype; equals 1 minus fitness

selection in which the heterzygote has lower fitness than that of either homozygote