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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_____ is the attempt by the atmosphere to get everything back into balance
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wind
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what are the 4 driving forces within the atmosphere
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-gravity
-pressure gradient force -coriolis force -friction |
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which of the driving forces within the atmosphere is the most important and why
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pressure gradient force-it starts the wind blowing and determines direction and speed
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within the pressure gradient force, wind is blown from
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high to low pressure
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within the coriolis effect, winds deflect to the ____ in the northern hemishpere
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right
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within the coriolis effect, winds deflect to the ____ in the southern hemisphere
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left
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where on earth is there no coriolis effect
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equator
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as ______ increases, so does coriolis deflection
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latitude
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as wind speed _____ so does coriolis deflection
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increases
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pressure is measured in inches of mercury, or _____
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millibars
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anticyclone = air flows
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out
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cyclone = air flows
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in
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in the northern hemisphere, anticyclones circulate
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clockwise
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in the southern hemisphere, anticyclones circulate
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counter clockwise
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in the northern hemisphere, cyclones circulate
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counter clockwise
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in the southern hemisphere, cyclones circulate
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clockwise
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the polar high, and equitorial low, are ______ induced
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thermally
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the subtropical high and subpolar low are ______ induced
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mechanically
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high pressure is caused by
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sinking air
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low pressure is caused by
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rising air
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sea breezes occur during the ____ when the water is _____ than the land
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day
colder |
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land breezes occur during the
____ when the water land is ____ than the water |
night
colder |
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mountain breezes occur during the ____ when the air is ____ and sinks downslope
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night
cold |
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valley breezes occur during the ____ when the air is ____ and flows upslope
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day
warm |
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gravity drainage winds are
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katabanic winds
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these winds are caused by high pressure over Great Basin in western US. STRONG, DRY wind blows out over desert
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santa ana winds
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a seasonal shift in winds
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monsoon
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rain is only a symptom of a ______, not what defines it
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monsoon
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water on earth is in worldwide _______
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equilibrium
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how do we lose water
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when it breaks into hydrogen and oxygen
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how do we gain water
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from within the earths crust
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what percent of the earths fresh water is in the great lakes
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20%
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when water _____ it warms the air because it has to release heat into the air
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freezes
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_______ is a cooling process
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evaporation
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when water _____ and ______ it cools the air
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evaporates and melts
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the process of ice going straight to vapor without being liquid in between
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sublimation
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and example of sublimation is
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freezer burn
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the process of vapor turning straight to ice
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deposition
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an example of deposition is
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frost on windows
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relative humidity is a ____ measure for humidity
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bad
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how do we gain water
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from within the earths crust
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what percent of the earths fresh water is in the great lakes
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20%
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when water _____ it warms the air because it has to release heat into the air
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freezes
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_______ is a cooling process
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evaporation
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when water _____ and ______ it cools the air
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evaporates and melts
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the process of ice going straight to vapor without being liquid in between
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sublimation
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and example of sublimation is
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freezer burn
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the process of vapor turning straight to ice
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deposition
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an example of deposition is
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frost on windows
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relative humidity is a ____ measure for humidity
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bad
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how much water the air is holding divided by how much water the air COULD be holding =
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relative humidity
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air molecules _____ when the air is colder
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shrink
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the temperature that you'd have to cool the air down to for it to be completely saturated =
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dew point
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____ air has a greater capacity to hold water vapor
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warmer
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if the air is cooled past the point where it would be completely saturated and becomes over saturated, the excess water...
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condenses and forms clouds or fog
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cloud recipe:
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water vapor
rising air cloud condensation nuclei |
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there are one million of these in a raindrop
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moisture droplet
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water only condenses if....
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there is something to condense onto
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the surface that water has a place to condense onto =
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cloud-condensation nuclei
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reynolds number deteremines laminar v tubulent blood flow
what factor causes the reynold's number of blood to increase? |
decreased viscosity (low hematocrit, anemia) and increased blood velocity (narrowing of a vessel)
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water needs this to start freezing and it acts as a pattern of how to freeze
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freezing nuclei
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a liquid droplet with temperature less than 32 degrees
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super-cooled droplet
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one way to form a raindrop is when two raindrops collide, merging into one larger raindrop. this is called
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collision coalescence
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does collision coalescence happen in Michigan
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no
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in this process a super cooled droplet evaporates, shrinks, deposits onto ice crystals then get heavier and fall
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bergeron ice-crystal process
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how are all rain drops in michigan formed
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bergeron ice crystal process
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clouds are categorized by (2)
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shape and altitude
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where two air masses collide and fight for position
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fronts
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what does every front have
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warm air lifting over cold air
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a large body of air covering huge ares sometimes over several states
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air mass
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air masses have
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uniform temp and humidity
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in la nina, if an area is usually rainy, it becomes
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wetter than usual
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in el nino, if an area is usually wet, it becomes
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dry
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el nino = conditions are ____ than normal
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warmer
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la nina = conditions are ____ than normal
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colder
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a departure from normal is an
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anomaly
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this type of lifting is by warm air rising
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convection
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this type of lifting occurs when lifting air over a mountain
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orographic lift
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el nino means
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little boy
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la nina means
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little girl
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el ninos occur on a _-_ year cycle (average)
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2-7
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are all el ninos the same
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no they are all unique and different
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