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161 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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air mass
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a very large boy of air with relatively uniform temperature and moisture characteristics
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air pressure
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the weight ofn the air above a reference point, measured in millibars
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atmosphere
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the layer of air round the earth
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bay
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an area of sea between 2 headlands
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beach
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material which the sea deposits on the coast
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bedding plane
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the line dividng succesive layers of sedimentary rock
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biodiversity
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the number and variety of all living things within an ecosystem
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brownfield site
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disused or derelict urban land which is available for redevolpment
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business park
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a development of offices and industrial units built round a town
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bypass
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a road built round a town
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Central Business District (CBD)
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the commercial and business centre of a town
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climate
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the average weather over many years
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collision boundary
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where continental plate boundarys collide
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cpmpass
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an instrument used to identify direction
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condense
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gas becoming liquid
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conservative boundary
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where 2 tectonic plates move apart from each other, but where crust is neither formed nor destroyed
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constructive boundary
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where 2 tectonic plates move apart from each other and new crust is formed
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continent
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a large land mass
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contour line
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a line on an OS map joining all points of the same height
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core
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the centre of the Earth
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crust
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the thin layer of solid rock round the Earth's surface
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dam
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a wall built to hold back water
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decompose
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the breakdown of organic material by animals, bacteria and fungi
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desert
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an area receiving less than 250mm of precipitation per year
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destructive boundary
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where an oceanic plate slides underneath a continental plate or another oceanic plate
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dispersed
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spread out
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dormant
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inactive
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drought
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a prolonged period of below average precipitation
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easting
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a vertical grid line on an OS map
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ecosystem
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an area displaying a distinctive interaction between plants, animals and the physical environment
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eco-tourism
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low impact tourism aimed at protecting the natural environment and local cultures
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environment
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the air, land, water, plants and wildlife
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epicentre
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the point on the earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake
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equator
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the imaginary line running around the middle of the earth
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erosion
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the wearing away of the land by material carried in rivers, glaciers, waves and wind
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ethnic group
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people of the same racial origin
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evaporate
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liquid turning into gas
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extinct
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no longer in existence (of animals); no longer active (of volcanoes)
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fault
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a line of weakness in rock
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fetch
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the maximum distance over which wind can blow to form a wave
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field work
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an inquiry which takes place outside the classroom
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floodplain
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the flat area either side of a river which is regularly flooded
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focus
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the point underground where the energy of an earthquake is released
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fog
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cloud at ground level (visibility less than 1km)
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foreshock
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a small earthquake before a large one
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front
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the boundary between warm and cold air masses
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function
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the activities of a settlement
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geothermal energy
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heat and electricity produced from hot, underground water
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gorge
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a deep, steep-sided valley
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graph
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a drawing to show data
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greenfield site
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a land which has not been built on before
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grid reference
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a number which locates an area on a map
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globalisation
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the ways in which companies, ideas and lifestyles spread round the world and interact with one another
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habitat
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the area where plants and animals live
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headland
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a promontory of more resistant rock which juts out into the sea
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hemisphere
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half the globe
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hierarchy
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a ranking of settlements according to their size or importance
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high order settlement
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a settlement which contains top level shops and services
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humidity
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the moisture in the air
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hydro-electric power
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electricity produced by water being released through dam turbines
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infiltration
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the movement of water from the surface to the soil
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interception
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precipitation landing on plants, trees and buildings
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irrigation
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the artificial watering of crops
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isotherm
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a line on a map joining places of equal temperature
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joint
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a crack in the rock
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key
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a list giving the meaning of symbols on a map
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land use
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the wasy in which land is put to use by humans
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landfill
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the disposal oil waste in natural or man-made holes in the ground
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lava
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molten rock at the Earth's surface
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LEDC
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Less Economically Developed Country
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levee
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an embankment next ot a river channel, raised above the flood plain
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linear
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long and narrow
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longshore drift
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a movement of sand and pebbles along a beach by wave action
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low order settlement
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a settlement which contains few basic shops and services
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magma
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molten rock benath the Earth's crust
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mantle
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the semi-solid mass of rock beneath the Earth's crust
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market
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a place where goods are sold
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mass movement
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the movement of weathered soil and rock on a slope
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meander
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a bend in a river
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MEDC
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More Economically Developed Country
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microclimate
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the local climate of a small area such as a garden
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national park
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an area of countryside of outstanding beauty which is protected from development
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Newly Industrialised Country (NIC)
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a country which has recently become industrialised
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northing
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a horizontal line on an OS map
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nucleated
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clustered together
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OS
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Ordanance Survey
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percentage
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the number out of 100
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permeable
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allowing water to flow through e.g. joints in rocks
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plate boundary
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the point where 2 tectonic plates meet
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plate tectonics
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the theory explaining how tjhe Earth's crust is able to move
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plunge pool
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a deep pool in which is eroded at the base of a waterfall
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pollution
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damage to the environment as a result of heuman activity
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porous
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able to hold water like a sponge
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precipitation
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rain, snow, sleet or hail
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primary information
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geographical data which one has collected oneself
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pyroclastic flow
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a cloud of superheated gas and ash ejected from a volcano
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raw material
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mineral and agricultural resources which can be processed to make something else
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recycling
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reusing waste
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relief
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the height and the shape of the land
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renewable energy
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a sustainable source of power which can be used indefinitely (e.g. wind, solar, tidal)
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resevoir
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a lake behind a dam
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resource
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any product of the environment used by people
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retail
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selling products to the product
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river basin
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an area of land drained by a river and its tributaries
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river cliff
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a steep, undercut area of water across a surface
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rural
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relating to the countryside
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science park
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a development of high-tech industries close to an university
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science park
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a development of high-tech industries close to an university
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scree
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piles of broken rockfound beneath steep rock faces
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scree
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piles of broken rockfound beneath steep rock faces
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secondary information
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geographical data collected by someonelse
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secondary information
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geographical data collected by someonelse
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sedimentary rock
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layered rock formed by deposition of sediments
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sedimentary rock
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layered rock formed by deposition of sediments
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seismic wave
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a shock wave produced by earthquakes
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seismic wave
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a shock wave produced by earthquakes
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seismometre
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a sensitive instrument used to measure earthquakes
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seismometre
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a sensitive instrument used to measure earthquakes
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service industry
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work such as retail, administration, education, healthcare or tourism
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service industry
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work such as retail, administration, education, healthcare or tourism
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settlement pattern
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the shape and spacing of settlements
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settlement pattern
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the shape and spacing of settlements
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settlement
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a place where people live
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settlement
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a place where people live
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site
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the exact locationof a settlement
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site
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the exact locationof a settlement
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situation
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the location of a settlement in relation to the surronding area
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slip-off slope
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a gently-sloping area formed on the inside of a river meander
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spit
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an extended beach which grows by deposition across a bay or river mouth
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social
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relating to society
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source
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the beginning of a river
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stack
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a pillar of rock which stands in the sea
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stewardship
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looking after resources in a sustainable way for thye future
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suburb
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the residential and commercial development at the edge of a city
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sustainable
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using resources in a way which prevents them from being exhausted/running out
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symbol
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something used to represent something else
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situation
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the location of a settlement in relation to the surronding area
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slip-off slope
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a gently-sloping area formed on the inside of a river meander
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spit
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an extended beach which grows by deposition across a bay or river mouth
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social
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relating to society
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source
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the beginning of a river
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stack
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a pillar of rock which stands in the sea
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stewardship
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looking after resources in a sustainable way for thye future
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suburb
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the residential and commercial development at the edge of a city
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sustainable
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using resources in a way which prevents them from being exhausted/running out
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symbol
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something used to represent something else
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tectonic plate
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a large, rigid section of the Earth's crust
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topographical map
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a map showing natural features
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tourism
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travel involving an overnight stay away from home, and associated support industry
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transportation
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the movement of eroded material
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tributary
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a rive joinig a larger river
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tsunami
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a sea wave caused by earthquakes and volcanic eruptions
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urban
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relating to a town or city
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urbanisation
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the increase in the percentage of people living in cities
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vegetation
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trees, shrubs and plants
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volcanic bomb
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lava exploded into the air which solidifies as it falls
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waste
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items which no longer have use
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waterfall
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a point on a river where water falls vertically
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water table
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the upper surface of water in the ground
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weathering
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the breakdown of rocks in situ by mechanical, chemical or biological means
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rain shadow
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places at the foot of mountains or hills which do not face the prevailling wind and they don't get much rain
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