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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is delirium?
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An acute, fluctuating disturbance of consciousness associated with a change in cognition or development of perceptual disturbances.
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What underlying conditions can cause delirium?
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infection, coronary ischemia, hypoxemia, or metabolic derangement
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What are some risk factures for delirium?
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male sex, severe illness, hip fracture, fever or hypothermia, hypotension, malnutrition, polypharmacy and use of psychoactive medications, sensory impairment, use of restraints, use of IV lines or urinary catheters, metabolic disorders, depression, and alcoholism
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The key component of a delirium workup is what?
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A review of medications
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What are important labs for evaluation of delirium?
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CBC, electrolytes, BUN and creatinine, glucose, calcium, albumin, LFTs, UA, and ECG.
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How would you manage delirium?
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treat the underlying cause; haloperidol when drugs are necessary
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Define dementia.
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an acquired persistent and progressive impairment in intellectual function, with compromise of memory and at least one other cognitive domain
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What's the most common cause of dementia?
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Alzheimer's disease
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Define Lewy body dementia.
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fluctuating cognitive impairment with rigidity and bradykinesia
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What symptoms distinguish Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's diease?
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Complex visual hallucinations with Lewy bodies.
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How can you distinguish delirium from dementia?
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Delirium has an acute onset, fluctuating course, and deficits in attention rather than memory.
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How might you treat Alzheimer's disease?
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acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine.
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What is urge incontinence?
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Detrussor overactivity or uninhibited bladder contractions that cause leakage.
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What is the most common form of urinary incontinence?
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Urge incontinence
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What is the 2nd most common form of urinary incontinence in older women?
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Stress incontinence
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Define stress incontinence.
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It is urethral incompetence characterized by instantaneous leakage of urine in response to a stress maneuver.
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What two incontinence disorders often occur together?
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Urge and stress incontinence.
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What is overflow incontinence?
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It is Detrusor underactivity that is usually idiopathic.
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How do you treat urge incontinence?
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Detrol LA and behavioral therapy
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