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21 Cards in this Set

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Acute renal insufficiency is characterized by what?
significant increase of BUN and creatinine in a short period of time
What are some causes of acute renal insufficiency?
-urinary obstruction
-trauma
-hypotention
-infection
-surgery
-heart failure
-nephrotoxicity
-rhabdomyolysis
Chronic renal insufficiency is characterized by what?
-decreased GFR
-increased creatinine >2.0
What are some causes of chronic renal insufficiency?
-vasulitis
-atherosclerotic disease
-DM
-HTN
-renal artery stenosis
-obstruction
-medications
-nephron destruction
WHat are some risk factors for chronic renal insufficiency?
-age
-DM
-HTN
-hypovolemia
-liver disease
-vascular disease
-nephrotoxic drugs
-infection
-collagen disorders
What are some causes of post-renal obstructions?
-BPH
-bladder dysfunction
-nephrolithiasis
What are some S/S of a decreased GFR?
-N/V
-anorexia
-confusion
-pruritis
-non-healing sores
-lethargy
If some one has ESRD, how will they appear?
chronically ill
What do you want to look for on the skin of someone w/renal disease?
-jaundice
-uremic frost
-phosphorus burns
What do you want to look for in the eyes of someone w/ renal disease?
Ca and phosphate deposits
What do you want to listen for when you exam the lungs of someone w/renal disease?
signs of fluid overload
What do you want to look for when you do a physical exam on someone w/renal disease when you look at their:
-Abdomen
-Rectal
-Extremities
-abdomen-watch for distenstion/ascites

-Rectal-check prostate and stool

Extremities-edema
What do you want to check for when doing a neuro exam on someone w/ renal disease?
-lethargy
-poor concentration
-irritable
-PND
What are some dx tools you can use for diagnosing renal disease?
-UA -Lytes
-BUN/Creat -Ca
-Albumin/total protein
-phosphorus -Mg
-Uric Acid -PTH
-CBD/diff -LFTs
-24h creat clearance and micro albumin
-HBA1c -U/S or Bx
What is the main treatment for renal disease?
treat underlying cause
What are some treatment options for renal disease?
-avoid nephrotoxic drugs
-control HTN
-control lipids
-control DM
-protein restriction
-monitor fluids
-control pruritis
-monitor Hct
-monitor pH
-maintain protein and albumin
-llow Na diet
-Avoid aluminum and Mg
What are the common pathogens for UTIs in the elderly?
-Enterococci
-E.Coli
-Proteus Mirabilis
What are some risk factors for UTI?
-advanced age
-fecal incontinence
-fecal impaction
-neurogenic bladder
-estrogen deficiency
-vaginal atrophy
-pelvic prolapse
-cystolcele
-dehydration
-BPH
-DM
-etc
In the elderly, a UTI may only present with what?
confusion/change in mental status
What are some diagnostic tools for UTIs?
-UA
-CBC/diff
-BMP
-blood cultures x 2
-U/S or CT
-IVP
What are some tx options for UTI?
-increase fluids
-Abx
-cranberry juice
-Vit. C