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40 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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gastric
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functions or drugs related to stomac
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enteric
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functions or drugs related to duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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colonic
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functions or drugs related to colon
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acute gastroenteritis
clinical signs |
vomiting, diarrhea, possibly hemorrhagic
fever, profound lethargy |
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treatment for acute gastroenteritis
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dietary restriction, locally acting gastrointestinal meds, fluid therapy, observation for worsening clinical signs, food trials
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client education
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essential part of care for acute gastroenteritis
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symptomatic therapy
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signs persisting past 36 hours should be re-evaluated
client should feel comfortable returning to clinic or calling for help follow up phone calls |
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canine viral enteritis clinical signs
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subtle lethargy, anorexia, vomiting/diarrhea, often hemorrhagic, may progress to rapidly fatal hemorrhagic hemorrhagic gastroenteritis, abdominal pain or tenderness, transient to severe leukopenia
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What would radiographs of viral enteritis show?
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dilated bowel loops, gas-capped fluid lines, contrast may reveal prolonged passage
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treatment of viral enteritis
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supportive--no effective antiviral agents
aggressive IV fluid therapy, antibiotics, injectable antiemetics, correction of blood glucose derangements, isolation--major route of infection is fecal-oral |
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flexible endoscope
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used for gastrointestinal endoscopy, duodenoscopy, colonoscopy
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prep for gastrointestinal endoscopy
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anesthesia, cuffed ET tube, L laternal recumbency
patient fasted for 12-24 hours (longer with delayed gastric emptying) some drugs may be contrindicated |
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prep for colonoscopy
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empty colon with electrolyte lavage solution or enemas
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emetics
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drugs that induce vomiting
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when to use emetics
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most often used when animals have ingested toxic substances
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contraindications for emetics
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aspiration risk
corrosive or volatile ingestion |
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first choice of emetics
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apomorphine, hydrogen peroxide
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second choice emetics
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xylazine, ipecac, salt water, mustard water
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antiemetics
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drugs that prevent or decrease vomiting
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use of emetics
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only when vomiting reflex no longer of benefit to the animal
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first choice of antiemetics
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metoclopramide (Reglan),cisapride, ondansetron
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second choice of antiemetics
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phenothiazine tranquillizers(acepromazine), antihistamines, anticholinergics
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antidiarrheals
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narcotics (loperamide, diphenoxlate)
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downfall of narcotics
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analgesic effect can mask pain that may otherwise point to progression or resolution of disease
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anticholinergics
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decrease spastic colon contractions (atropine, aminopentamide)
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bismuth subsalicylate
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coats intestinal mucosa, protecting from enterotoxins, some antibacterial activity, antisecretory effect, decreases inflammation
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adsorbents and protectants
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act to protect gi tract from irritating substances
causes another substance to adhere to its outer surface, reducing contact of that substance with gi tract wall activated charcoal |
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laxatives
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most gentle of bowel evacuation drugs
irritant laxatives work by irritating bowel, increasing peristaltic motility |
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cathartics
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more marked in evacuating effects
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purgatives
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very potent action
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antinematodes
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pyrantel, piperazine
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antitrematodes
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quinoline derivatives, organophosphates
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anticestodals
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praziquantel
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antiprotozoals
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sulfonamide antimicrobials (coccidostats)
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lubricants
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given to make stool slippery for easy passage thru bowels
mineral oil, cod liver oil, petroleum, glycerin oils go gastric glycerin goes rectal |
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stool softeners
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docusate sodium succinate
acts as wetting agent by reducing surface tension of feces and allowing water to penetrate dry stool *may also stimulate colonic secretions |
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lactulose
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increases osmotic pressure, drawing water into colon
*acidifier, traps ammonia |
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non-systemic antacids
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calcium, magnesium, aluminum--directly neutralize acid molecules in stomach or rumen
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systemic antacids
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famotidine, cimetidine--decrease acid production in stomach
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antiulcer
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sucralfate--used to treat ulcers of stomach and upper small intestine, forms sticky paste and adheres to site, protecting it from acidity
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