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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the accessory glands of the GI tract?
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They aid in digestion (these are external exocrine glands)
Salivary glands Pancreas Liver |
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What are the GI Tracts most basic processes ? (4)
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Digestion, Absorption, Secretion and Motility
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What organ is between the GI and systemic blood?
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Liver
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What layer contains blood vessels, a nerve plexus, and lymph?
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submucosa
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What are the 4 general layers of the GI wall?
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-mucosa (epithelium, laminae propria, muscularis mucosa)
-submucosa (blood vessels, submucosal plexus) -Muscularis externa (circular muscle, myenteric nerve plexis, longitudinal) -serosa |
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Epithelial cell proliferation and turnover in the intestine - stem cells in the Crypts of ___________ divide, differentiate and migrate to the tips of the villi with complete turnover every 3-6 days.
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Lieberkuhns
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T/F
There are gap junctions in the smooth muscle of the GI system? |
True
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Because smooth muscles cell in the GI are long and slender they:
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Have a large surface area-to-volume require low ionic permeability to maintain membrane potential
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GI Smooth Muscle: Excitation-contraction coupling initiated by increases in intracellular calcium ion concentration.
Increased Ca++ binds with ________ which phosphorylates _ _ _ _. This phosphylates myosin and contraction can occur. |
calmodulin
MLCK |
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Smooth muscle can maintain contractions without using ___ (unlike skeletal muscle) as long as Myosin remains attached to P
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ATP
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The resting membrane potential of the gut smooth muscle is normally -60mv. What would happen to MP if you give digitalis? What condition does this cause?
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lowers (less negative) MP
increases excitability and motility - diarrhea |
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Slow wave electrical activity of the GI smooth muscle (3-12/min, 5-15 mV) initiated by interstitial cells of ______
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Cajal
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Amplitude, but not ________, of GI smooth muscle slow waves can be altered by neural and hormonal signals
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frequency
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Amplitude, but not frequency, of GI smooth muscle slow waves can be altered by neural and hormonal signals.
What are there more of when the amplitude is greater? |
more AP's
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Neural activity can increase or decrease contractile activity by influencing the _________ of the slow electrical waves.
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amplitude
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Increasing in amplitude corespondent with more __'s and greater _______ ________
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AP
muscle tension |
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Neural activity can increase or decrease contractile activity by influencing the amplitude of the slow electrical waves.
**** In general, ___________ stimulation increases activity and __________ stimulation decreases activity. |
parasympathetic
sympathetic |
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Zymogen granules contain ________ products ( enzymes and mucous)
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secretory
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