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18 Cards in this Set

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Gastrin

Role? (2)
1.) Parietal Cells to secrete HCl
2.) Gastric Motility

Stimulus? (3)
1.) AA in stomach
2.) PS stimulation w/ GRP neurotransmitter.
3.) Gastric Distention
CCK
From I cells.
Stimulated by FFA and AA in duodenum.
Slows gastric emptying, increase pancreatic secretions, contraction of gallbladder. Triggers satiety in brain.
Potentiates Secretin.
Parietal Cells
Secrete HCl and Intrinsic Factor upon vagal Ach stimulation, gastrin, and Histamine.
Cheif Cells
Secrete pepsinogen
Secretin
Act in response to FFA and H+ in Duodenum. Main effect is to neutralize lumen with pancreatic -HCO3.
Somatostatin
Inhibits everything. Found in D cells of Pancreas, Stomach. Secreted in response to glucose and glucagon.

Found in PVN of hypothalamus. Inhibits GHRH, GH, TSH.
GLP-1/GIP
Incretins from duodenal L cells and K cells respectively.
Respond to FFA, AA, and glucose in SI.
Inhibits secretion of Parietal Cell H+, Glucagon
Stimulates Insulin.
Growth Factor
Act through Tyrosine kinase to exert Mitogenic activity(cell differentiation, proliferation, and growth)
Inhibition of PTH
In cheif cells, Ca2+ decreases PTH secretion.
But also increases PTH processing.
Polyuria
Large Volumes of Urine
Can be attributed to diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus...
not enough- ALDO, K+, AVP
too much- Ca2+, PTH, polydipsia(thirst), T3/T4
Intrinsic Factor
VitB12 Absorption
Allows synthesis of RBCs
produced in Parietal Cells and acts at pH 7. Binds to VitB12 in duodenum so that it can be absorbed in terminal Illeum.
Inhibition of B12 reabsorption leads to pernicious anemia.
Glucagon
1.) Role?
Glycogenolysis
Gluconeogenesis
Lipolysis
2.) Stimulated by?
Epi, high AA, Sympathetic Activity
FGF
Growth Factor that stimulates Angiogenesis
Tumors need more vessels for growth. A possible drug that can be developed is an FGF receptor blocker.
Laron dwarfism
Decreased Growth as a result of insensitivity to GH because of a defective GH receptor.
Treat with IGF-1
Epi/NE effect on muscle metabolism
Increase glycogenolysis.
Working muscle breaks down glucose, non-working muscle breaks down glucose to lactate and pyruvate. These go to the liver to synthesize new glucose.
Somatostatin
Acts to inhibit cAMP production.
Opens K+ channels to hyperpolarize cells.
Closes Ca2+ channels.
GH mechanism of action
50% bound to GH receptor binding protein in plasma.
Acts through a Jak-Stat Tyrosine Kinase.
In B-cells, block GLUT-4 from going to the membrane.
anti-insulinic effect!
Hypophysiotropic Hormones
Release tropic hormones from AP.
ex.) TRH, CRH, GHRH, SS, GnRH, DA, VIP, MSH, 5HT