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24 Cards in this Set

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two organisms associated with enteric fever
salmonella typhi
yersinia enterocolitica
location of watery diarrhea vs. bloody diarrhea
watery - proximal small bowel
bloody - distal small bowel/colon
organism associated with long incubation period (1-4 weeks)
parasitic infections
Causes of viral gastroenteritis
rotavirus - dsRNA
adenovirus 40/41 - dsDNA
norovirus - +ssRNA
Pathogenesis of Rotavirus
virus enters intestinal epithelial cells and the NSP4 triggers chloride secretion and lyses mature absorptive intestinal epithelial cells.
Reduces ability absorb salt and water
calicivirus associated with high rates of person-to-person spread and 96% of non-bacterial US outbreaks of gastroenteritis
Norovirus
which two viruses has stool antigen detection test
roatvirus
adenovirus
how would you ID virus causing gastroenteritis
EM of stool culture
organisms associated with preformed toxin food poisoning
S. aureus
B. cereus
C. perfringens
C. botulinum
most common cause of foodborne disease outbreaks
Salmonella enteritidis
two non-typhoidal salmonella organisms
S. enteritidis
S. typhimurium
differentiate incubation period between gastroenteritis and enteric fever caused by non-typhoidal salmonella
gastroenteritis - 6 hours to 3 days
enteric fever - 7 to 14 days
Is salmonellosis invasive or non-invasive
non-invasive
Differentiate Salmonella and Shigella in the laboratory
Salmonella - non lactose fermenting (MacConkey), motile and H2S producing
Shigella - non lactose fermenting, non-motile, non H2S producing
characteristics of V. cholerae
comma shaped gram(-) bacilli
flagellated
grows in presence of 2-3% NaCl
Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar needed for growth
non-invasive
pathogenesis of cholera
AB toxin with the B subunit binding to GM1 ganglioside on enterocyte surface, the A subunit increases cAMP causing secretory diarrhea
parasite associated with infecting human intestinal epithelium of HIV-infected or organ transplant patients
Microsporidia
most common form of shigella in industrial world
shigella sonnei
leading cause of infant diarrhea and mortality in developing countires
Shigella
preferentially attach to and invade into M cells in Peyer's patches of small intestine
shigella
this toxin causes irreversible inactivation of the 60S ribosomal unit
shiga toxin
E. coli that cannot ferment sorbitol
EHEC, O157:H7
flagellated gram(-) rod that is cultured in reduced O2 with added CO2 at 42 degrees celcius
Campylobacter
two toxins of C. difficile
Toxin A is enterotoxin
Toxin B is cytotoxin