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Small intestines have 4 typical layers with 3 unique attributes, what are the three attributes and where are they found?
3 unique attributes:
1.Brunner's glands- Submucosal mucous glands in duodenum
2.Villi- • Evaginations of mucosa
3.Plicae circulares (Kerckring’s
valves)- • Evaginations of mucosa and submucosa
What are 6 types of cells that intestinal glands have?
1. Absorptive cells
2. Goblet cells
3. M cells
4. Paneth’s cells
5. Enteroendocrine
6. Stem cells
What is the role of goblet cells in the absorption process? Are they higher or lower in number from duodenum to ileum?
Located between absorptive cells
• Increase in number from duodenum to ileum
• Secrete mucus (a GP):
– To lubricate & protect intestinal lining against pancreatic enzymes
– To Impede bacterial invasion
Describe paneth's cells...
a. location
b. histo description
c. secrete
a. Located at bases of crypts
b. • Recognized by large bright (acidophilic) granules
c. Continuously secrete
– lysozyme (Enzyme to digest bacteria cell wall)
– TNFα
– Defensins/cryptidins
HOW ARE THE 3 PARTS OF THE SMALL INTESTINE HISTOLOGICALLY DISTINGUISHED?
• Duodenum- Brunner’s glands in submucosa, Relatively few goblet cells, Leaf‐like villi ?
• Jejunum- Well‐developed plicae circulares (characteristic feature), Irregular villi ? More goblet cells
– No Brunner’s glands and no Peyer’s patches
• Ileum
– Many lymphoid nodules (Peyer’s patches) in LP and submucosa
– Finger‐like villi ?
– Most goblet cells
What is the most common congenital anomaly of the small intestine?
Meckel's (ileal) Diverticulum (remember rule of two's)
What is the rule of twos on diverticulum?
2% of population
2 ft. from ileocecal junction
2 inches long
It is the remnant of the omphaolomesenteric (vitelline) duct
1. 3 unique features of sm int.?
2. what is the importance of plica, villi, and microvilli?
1. brunners glands, villi plicae circulares
2. increases the surface area of small intestines
1. what is the significance of having brunners glands in the duodenum?
2. What is the significance of Paneth cells?
1. secretes alkaline mucous
2. Characteristic for sm. int and secretes lysozyme
1. What are goblet cells and wheree are they found?
2. what are peyers patches?
1. secrete mucous in epithelium, increase in number from duodenum to colon
2. lymphoid nodules found mostly in ileum
1. What are the characteristic feature of the duodenum?
2. What are the characteristic features of colon?
1. Brunners in submucosa, few goblet cells, leaf-life villi
2. no villi, deep crypts (but no paneth cells), lymphoid nodules, lots of goblet cells
1. what is characteristic of the jejenum?
2. What are teniae coli?
prominent plica circulares, irregular villi
2. outer longitudinal layer arranged in 3 bands
1. What distinguishes the anal canal (or pectinate line)
2. what is characteristic of the ileum?
1. mucosa changes to st. Sq, epithelium, sebaceous and sweat glands in LP and submucosa
2. multiple lymphoid nodules in LP and submucosa, finger like vili