Global Trimester 2

French Guiana & Falkland Islands

mounains that run the length of Latin America

Western edge of the Andes Mountains that have frequent volcanoes and earthquakes

Divides ppl within a country or a region

Grassy Plains stretching from Argentina to Uraguay

The amazon, the orinoco, and the rio de la playa

Tropical

when wind blows water from the ocean towards a body of water and is blocked by a mountain range where it dumps all of its water leaving the other side dry like a desert

"hot land" * ppl grow sugar cane and bananas

"temperate land" 3,000 feet, * ppl grow coffee and tobbacco

"cool land" 6,000 feet and above, * ppl grow wheat and potatoes

people of mixed European and Native American heritage

corn

Over the Alaskan land bridge and when ppl were brought over to colonize and be slaves

on the Yucatan penninsula in present day Guatemala

a game similar to basketball that mayan nobles played which had religious meaning

French Guiana & Falkland Islands

Central Plateau of Mexico

The capital of the Aztec empire built over a lake ( lake texcoco )

a tax needed to be paid to the head of the city state or province usually made of maize or other materials such as jaguar skins and precious stones

reed rafts filled with dirt which were anchored to a lake bed and held and grew crops

Modern day Peru, Bolivia, and Chile

children of the sun

the sweat of the gods

message relay runner

form in writing in knotted string

spanish conquerers who came to Latin America looking for gold

Planned to conquer the Aztecs in 1519, most believed him to be the god Quetzelcoatl, no one wanted to fight him, Moctezuma was afraid of angering him, he conquered the Aztecs by using these factors and the European diseases

Conquerer who took over the Inca empire and built the city of Cuzco

Columbus reaches the New World

it prevented a war between Spain and Portugal over latin america

line that was drawn between Spanish land and Portuguese land

explored Panama in 1513, he discovered the South Sea ( Pacific )

led an exploration around South America and around the world, he named the Pacific ocean and was the first European to sail around the world, died in the Philipines

claimed Brazil for Portugal in 1500

official ruling in place of a king who carried out laws

made laws for colonies and regulated trade, courts, and church

they counciled and goverened towns and the surrounding land ( usually wealthy landowners)

practice of selling goods

a plantation

it gave spanish settlers the right to demand taxes or labor from people living on the land

land lord over a huge area who usually brought colonists over to settle on their land

officials sent from spain who controlled political and economical life and looked down on the other classes

American born descendants of spanish settlers who did not get appointed top jobs in the government or church

godparents ( job taken very seriously)

chaperones that were used by upperclass women when they went out in public

people who were forced to work for someone to pay off a debt

colony formed by runaway slaves and hid ... they formed secret communities

led a revolt against the spanish in 1780 to call for the end of slavery

leader of the Hatian rebels and a self-educated former slave, and in 1800 he and his rebels had driven out all foreign powers out of Haiti

1804

"the liberator" a wealthy creole in Europe who in 1807 joined the revolutionaries in attempt to end spanish rule... he liberated venezuela, columbia, peru, and ecuador

Helped Argentina and Chile win independence and helped Bolivar with Peru and Ecuador

A priest who lived in mexico and lost the support of wealthy creoles

organized the rebel army in mexico , mestizo priest,and in 1815 he was executed

creole army officer who took over leading the rebel army who declared Mexico's independence in 1821 naming himslef emperor

King John 6ths son who declared Brazil Independent and appointed himself king

military leaders who seized power and rulednas a dictator before being overthrown by another caudillo

6

a small elite that was a ruling power ( wealthy landowners)

conservatives wanted to keep old social order and power of the catholic church snf liberals wanted to limit the power of the church and reduce church landholdings

ruled as emperor of Mexico for 3 years before being thrown out by americans. he was sent by the French to govern mexico because they did not pay their debts to France

the upper class because they wanted a chance to move up

the rural poor

people who supported radical change, socialism, redistribution of land, nationalization of industries, improvements on the working class living conditions,**** supported by urban workers, peasants, students, and intellectuals

revolt of the military against the government

14 families

a young lawyer who led the guerilla struggle in the 1950s who in 1959 gained power in Cuba and declared a Marxist state and one party rule

complete halt of trade

the Soviet Union

leftists in Nicaragua who overthrew the government

leader of the Sandanistas and current president of Nicaragua

people who opposed the Sandanistas ( backed by the US )

elected president of Nicaragua in 1990 and gave up her power to the winner of the democratic election

president of Chile in 1969 who increased land reform but in 1973 was killed by a coup d'etat

overthrew Allende and became president in 1973, he ended freedom of speech and was later arrested for the torture, arrest and murder of innocent citizens, he died in 2006

in the 1980s interest rates went up and they borrowed heavily for industry and they had to spend almost 1/3 of earnings on interest payments

land owning families and rich industrialists

lawyer who gained power in cuba in 1959, he later declared a Marxist State, one party rule, and declared cuba a socialist nation

complete halt of trade

Dictator in Nicaragua who was overthrown by rebels in 1979

leftist rebels who overthrew the government

Daniel Ortega

U.S. supported people who were against the Sandanistas

elected president of Nicaragua in 1990 by the free elections held by the sandanistas. She also gave up power to the winner of the democratic elections

president of Chile in 1969 who was killed by a coup d'etat in 1973

a general who overthrew Allende in the coup d'etat who became the leader of chile . He was accused and arrested for humans rights crimes and died in 2006

Interest rates were increased and latin america borrowed heavily for industry, they had to lower tarrifs, encourage foreign investment,sell state owned buisnesses, and reduce govt spending

city of miseries in columbia

young towns in Peru

shanty towns in Brazil

people who work on large estates as farmers or servants

male domination of family life

godfather (padrinos- plural= godparents)

godmother

90%

Pope John Paul 2

The US

from the Aztec God Mexitli

Dictator in Mexico from 1876-1911 who called for order and progress and had a secret police force called the rurales

Institutional revolutionary party, dominated govt from 1929 to 2000 when the PAN party took over

National Action Party

Elected president in 2000 from the PAN party and created the ZNLA

Zapatista National Liberation Army- called for greater rights for native american ppl

Felipe Calderon

mixed

agricultural communities

trade with no restrictions

North American Free trade agreement between canada, us and mexico

foreign owned plants that local workers assemble parts in to finish goods

grasslands

huge cattle ranches

president of Argentina in 1946

Juan peron's rags to riches wife who helped women gain the right to vote and did other things for the economy

Isabel Peron

The first woman president in the americas

when the army seized power in argentina and 30,000 people went missing and were killed

Argentina tried to invade the British ruled Falkland islands for nationalism but it backfired and the British won which caused the military to lose support

period of sharp increases in prices

stated that all american continents are no longer suject to colonization by european countries

In 1845 the US annexed Texas, In 1846 mexico and the US fought, and in 1848 mexico lost half its territory

Cuba was fighting for independence from spain and in 1898 the US joins to help Cuba

States that in Cuba's new constitution they must put that the US has the right to intervene in Cuban affairs

Puerto Rico and the Phillipines

Teddy Roosevelt

in 1903

states that no state has the right to intervene with the internal or external affairs of another state

JFK's slogan for cold war politics

The US tries to overthrow Castro by sending in secretly trained Cuban exiles to go in and invade but Castro finds out and the plan backfires

In October of 1962, the soviets built missile bases in cuba, the US finds out and puts a blockade on cuba.. the soviets backed down but in 1977 there were still limited diplomatic relations

Alfredo Christiani

self governing common wealth of the US with its own constitution

first elected governor of Puerto Rico

when tax savings were made to build factories

lower tarrifs

The Organization of American States and it was formed in 1948

to stop paying loans

foreign countries agreed to lower or cancel debt if conservation was taken more seriously such as the amazon rain forrest

Demand for drugs in the US and Europe

1980s

"narco-terrorist" who killed thousands of people ( leader of medillin drug cartel"

Manuel Noriega

President of Venezuela since 1998, pushes Bolivarianism and passed the enabling act

allows rule by decree in Venezuela ( Chavez )