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314 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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›
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direction of transitivity or possession (2›3 may mean 2 acts on 3; 1sg›sg may mean a 1sg possessor and a singular possessum)
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0
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zero (null), covert form (such as gender in a language where the word doesn't show it)
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1
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first person
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2
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second person
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3
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third person
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A
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agent-like argument of canonical transitive verb
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ABE
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abessive case (AKA caritive case or privative case: 'without')
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ABL
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ablative case ('from')
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ABS
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absolutive case
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ACC
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accusative case
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ACCOM
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accompanier
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ACT
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active voice, actor role
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ADJ
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adjective
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ADE
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adessive case ('at'; more specific than LOC)
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ADM
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admonitive mood (warning)
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ADV
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adverb(ial), adverbial case
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AFF
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affirmative mood
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AG, AGT
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agentive case (cf ACT)
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AGR
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agreement
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ALL
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allative case ('to')
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AL, ALLOC
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allocutive agreement
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ALIEN
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alienable possession
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AN
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animate gender (cf R)
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AND
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andative (going towards: cf venitive)
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ANT
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anterior (used for PRF in some traditions)
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ANTE
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antessive case ('before')
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ANTIC
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anticausative
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ANTIP, AP
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antipassive voice
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AOR
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aorist (= PST.PFV)
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AP, ANTIP
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antipassive voice
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APP
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apposition
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APL, APPL
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applicative voice
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APPR
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apprehensive mood
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APRX
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approximative
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ART
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article
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ASP
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aspect
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ASS
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associative case (= COM), assumptive mood, assertive
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AT
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agent trigger (= AV agent voice)
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ATT
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attenuative; attributive (= ATTR)
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AUD
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auditory evidential
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AUG
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augmentative
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AUX
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auxiliary verb
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B
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core benefactive
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BE
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be' verb (a conflation of EXIST and COP)
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BEN
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benefactive case ('for')
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C
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common gender
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CAP
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(cap)ability, modal case
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CAU, CAUS
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causative
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CENT
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centric case
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CF
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counterfactual conditional
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CIRC
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circumfix
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CIT
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citation form
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CL, CLF
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classifier
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CNJ
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conjunction (= CONJ)
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CNSQ
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consequential
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COL
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collective plural
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COM
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comitative case ('together with')
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COMP
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comparative; complementizer
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COMPL, CPL
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completive aspect
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CONC
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concessive
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COND
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conditional mood
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CONJ
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conjunction (= CNJ)
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CONN
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connective particle
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CONT, CTN
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continuative aspect
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CNTR
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contrastive
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COP
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copula
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COR
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coreference
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CRAS
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crastinal tense ('tomorrow')
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CRS
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current relevance marker (as in the perfect)
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CVB
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converb
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D
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core dative case
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DAT
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dative case
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DE
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different event, change of event (cf DS)
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DEC, DECL
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declarative mood
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DEF
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definite
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DEI, DEIX
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deixis, deictic
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DEL
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delayed imperative (a command to do s.t. later)
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DEL
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delative case ('off of'), deliberative mood
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DEM
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demonstrative
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DEO
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deontic mood
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DEP
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dependent (as in DEP.FUT)
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DES, DESI
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desiderative mood
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DEST
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destinative aspect
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DET
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determiner
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DETR
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detransitive
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DH
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motion downhill, seaward (cf DR)
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DIM
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diminutive
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DIR
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direct evidential (= EXP); directional (= LAT); direct case
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DISJ
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disjunction
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DIST
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distal demonstrative
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DISTR
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distributive case
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DITR
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ditransitive
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DLM
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delimited
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DM
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discourse marker
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DO
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direct object
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DR
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motion downriver (cf DH)
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DS
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different-subject (change of subject) marker (cf DE)
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DU
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dual number
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DUB
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dubitative mood
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DUR
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durative aspect, continuous aspect
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DY, DYAD
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dyadic
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DYN
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dynamic aspect
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E
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epenthetic morpheme
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-E
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(used to form various -essive cases)
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ELA
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elative case ('out of')
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EMP
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emphatic
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EPIS
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epistemic mood, epistemic modality
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ERG
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ergative case
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ESS
|
essive case
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EV, EVID
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evidential
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EVIT
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evitative case (= aversive case)
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EX, EXCL
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exclusive person
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EXCLAM
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exclamative
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EX.DUR
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excessive duration
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EXIST
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existential ('there is')
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EXO
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exocentric case
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EXP, EXPER
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experiential, eyewitness, = direct evidential
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EXPL
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expletive (dummy / meaningless form)
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F, FEM
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feminine gender
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FACT
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factive evidential
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FAM
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familiar register (as the T-V distinction)
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FIN
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finite verb
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FOC
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focus
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FORM
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formal register (as the T-V distinction)
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FP
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final particle (joshi)
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FR, FREQ
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frequentative aspect
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FMR
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former, deceased
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FUT
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future tense
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G
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gender (G4 = 4th gender)
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GEN
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genitive case
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GER
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gerund
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GNO
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gnomic tense (generic mood)
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GT
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goal trigger (Austronesian; = GV goal voice)
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HAB
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habitual aspect
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HBL
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humble register
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HEST
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hesternal tense ('yesterday')
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HIST
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historic(al), as in historical present or past historic tense
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HOD
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hodiernal tense ('today')
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HON
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honorific
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HORT
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hortative,
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HSY
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hearsay, reported evidential
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HUM
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human, anthropic gender (cf. HBL; R)
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HYP
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hypothetical mood
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I
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inflected
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ID
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identical (~ NID)
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IDENTIF
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identifiable
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IDEO
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ideophone (≈ MIM)
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IGNOR
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ignorative
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ILL
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illative case ('into')
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IMM
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immediate, as in immediate imperative mood, near future tense
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IMP
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imperative mood
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IMPERF
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imperfect (= PST.IPFV)
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IMPREC
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imprecative mood
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IMPRS
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impersonal verb
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IN, INCL
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inclusive person
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INAL
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inalienable possession
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INAN
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inanimate gender
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INCH, INCHO, INCEP
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inchoative aspect, inceptive aspect
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INCL
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inclusive person (= IN)
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IND
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indicative mood
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INDF, NDEF
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indefinite
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INE
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inessive case ('in')
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INF
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infinitive
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INFER, INFR
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inferential evidential
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INEL
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inelative case ('from within')
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INS
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instrumental case
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INT
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intensifier; interrogative (= Q)
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INTEN
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intentional
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INTR, NTR
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intransitive (covers an intransitive case for the S argument)
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INV
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inverse
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IO
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indirect object
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IPFV
|
imperfective aspect (= NPFV)
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IRR
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irrealis mood
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IS
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indirect speech
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ITER
|
iterative aspect
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JUS
|
jussive mood
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-L
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(used to form various -lative cases)
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L2
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second language (code-switching)
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LAT
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lative case (= MVMT, direction)
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LD
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locative case + directional
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LK
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linker
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LOC
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locative case (includes essive case)
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LOG
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logophoric
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M, MASC
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masculine gender
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MAN
|
manner
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MID
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middle voice
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MIM
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mimetic (≈ IDEO)
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MIR
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(ad)mirative
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MOD
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mood, modal, modal case
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MOM
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single action verb (not iterative)
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MVT
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movement
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N, NEUT
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neuter gender
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N-
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non- (e.g. NSG non-singular, NPST non-past, NF non-feminine)
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NEG
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negation, negative
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NH
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non-human
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NMZ, NZ, NOMI
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nominalizer/nominalization
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NOM
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nominative case
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NS
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non-subject (Latin 'oblique' case)
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NTR, INTR
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intransitive (covers an intransitive case for the S argument)
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NUM
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numeral
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OBJ, OB
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object
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OBL
|
oblique case
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OBV
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obviative
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OPT
|
optative mood
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P
|
patient-like argument of canonical transitive verb
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P
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pre-, post- (P.HOD prehodiernal)
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PART
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participle (= PTCP,PCP); particle (= PTCL); partitive case (= PTV)
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PAS, PASS
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passive voice
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PAT
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patientive (= UND)
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PA, PAU
|
paucal number
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PEG
|
pegative case (a special case for the giver)
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PER
|
perlative case ('per', using)
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PERF, PRF
|
perfect aspect
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PERS
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personal
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PFV
|
perfective aspect
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PL
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plural
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PLU, PLUR
|
pluractional
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PM
|
phrase marker, predicate marker
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PN, PRO
|
pronoun
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PO
|
primary object
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POL
|
polite register
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POS, POSS
|
possessive marker
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POST
|
postposition, postpositional case
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POSTE
|
postessive case ('after')
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POT
|
potential mood (a possible conditional)
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PP
|
past / passive participle
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PPP
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past passive participle
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PPFV
|
past perfective
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PR
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proper noun
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PRED
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predicative
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PREC
|
precative mood (requests)
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PREP
|
preposition, prepositional case
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PRES, PRS
|
present tense
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PRESP
|
present participle
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PRET, PRT
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preterite (= PFV.PST)
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PRF, PERF
|
perfect aspect (= ANT)
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PRS, PRES
|
present tense
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PROB
|
probability
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PROG
|
progressive aspect
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PROH
|
prohibitive mood ('don't!')
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PROL
|
prolative case (= VIA)
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PROT
|
protasis
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PROX
|
proximal/proximate
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PST
|
past tense
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PT
|
patient trigger
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PTCL, PTC
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particle
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PTCP,PCP
|
participle
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PTV
|
partitive case ('some of')
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PURP
|
purposive
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Q
|
question word or particle (= INT)
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QUOT
|
quotative case (marks quoted speech)
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R
|
rational gender (thinking beings)
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REAL
|
realis mood
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REC
|
recent past tense
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RECP
|
reciprocal voice
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REF
|
referential
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REFL
|
reflexive voice
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REL
|
relative(izer)
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REM
|
remote past tense
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REP
|
reported evidential (= HSY); repetitive (cf ITER)
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RES
|
resultative; resumptive
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RFR
|
referential
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S
|
single argument of canonical intransitive verb (cf CIT)
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SBJ, SUB
|
subject
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SBJV, SJV
|
subjunctive mood
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SE
|
same event (cf SS)
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SEM
|
semelfactive aspect ('once')
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SENS
|
sensory evidential mood (= VIS+AUD
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SEQ
|
sequential
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SG
|
singular (but 1.SG = 1s, 3MASC.SG = 3ms)
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SGV
|
singulative number
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SIM
|
simultaneous aspect; similative
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SJV, SBJV
|
subjunctive mood
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SPEC
|
specifier; speculative mood
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SS
|
same-subject (cf SE)
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STAT, STV
|
stative aspect, stative verb
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SUB, SU
|
subject
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SUBR, SUBORD, SBRD, SR
|
subordinator
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SUBE
|
subessive case ('under')
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SUBL
|
sublative case ('onto', 'down onto')
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SUP(L)
|
superlative (SUPL); supine; supplicative
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SUPE
|
superessive case ('on')
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-T
|
trigger (used for AT, PT)
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TAM
|
tense, aspect, or mood
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TEL
|
telic aspect (cf PFV)
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TEMP
|
temporal case
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TERM
|
terminative case
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TNS
|
tense
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TOP
|
topic
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TR, TRANS
|
transitive verb
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TRANSL
|
translative case (becoming)
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TRI
|
trial number
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TRN
|
trans-numeral (neither SGnor PL)
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TVF
|
truth-value focus
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U
|
uninflected
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UH
|
motion uphill, inland (cf UR)
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UND
|
undergoer role (cf PAT)
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UR
|
motion upriver (cf UH)
|
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USIT
|
usitative
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V, VB
|
verb(al)
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VBZ
|
verbalizer
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VD
|
verb, ditransitive
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VEN
|
venitive (coming towards; cf andative)
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VER
|
veridical mood (a certain conditional)
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VIA
|
vialis case
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VIS
|
visible, visual
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VI
|
verb, intransitive
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VN
|
verbal noun
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VOC
|
vocative case
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VOL
|
volitive mood
|
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VT
|
verb, transitive
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WH.Q
|
Wh-question
|
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-Z
|
-(al)izer (e.g. TRZ transitivizer)
|
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ZO
|
zoic gender (animals)
|
