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Step 1
Stage 1
Cost: 1 ATP
Enzyme: Hexokinase
Product: Glucose-6-phosphate
Step 2
Stage1
Enzyme: phosphohexoseisomerase
Product:Fructose-6-Phosphate
Step 3
Stage1
Cost: 1 ATP
Enzyme: phosphofructokinase-1
COMMITED STEP
target of regulation- ATP "off" AMP "on"
Product: Fructose 1,6-Bisphosphate
Step 4
Stage 1
Enzyme: Aldolase
Products: Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GAP) and dihyodrxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)
Step 5
Stage 2
Enzyme: Triose Phosphate Isomerase
Product: the DHAP is converted to GAP. So you no have 2 GAP's.
Step 6
Enzyme: glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase
Products: GAP is oxidized to 1,3 biphosphoglycerate, but NAD+ is reduced to NADH + H+
Payoff: 2 NADH + 2H+
Step 7
Enzyme: phosphoglycerate kinase
Products: 3-phosphoglycerate and ATP
Payoff: 2 ATP
Step 8
Enzyme: phosphoglycerate mutase
Product: 2-phosphoglycerate
Step 9
Enzyme: Enolase
Product: Phosphoenol Pyruvate
Step 10
Enzyme:Pyruvate Kinase
Product: Pyruvate, ATP
Payoff: 2 ATP
Alcoholic Fermentation
Pyruvate to Ethanol and CO2
The point is to regenerate NAD+ so glycolysis can continue.
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Pyruvates become lactates, NAD+ is regenerated.
Krebs 1
Reaction:Acetyl-CoA and oxaloacetate to Citrate
Enzyme: Citrate Synthase
By-product:CoA-SH
Step 2a
Reaction:Citrate to cis-Aconitate
Enzyme: Aconitase
By-prodcut: water
Step 2b
Reaction: Cis-aconitate to isocitrate
Enzyme: aconitase
Also sucks up a water
Step 3
Isocitrate to alpha-Ketoglutarate
Enzyme: isocitrate dehydrogenase
Gives of CO2 and NADH!!!
Step 4
Alpha-Ketoglutarate to succinyl-CoA
Enzyme: alpha-Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex
Needs CoA-SH, gives off CO2 and NADH!!!
Step 5
Succinyl-CoA to succinate
Enzyme: succinyl-CoA synthetase
Generates a GTP(ATP) and also gives off CoA-SH
Step 6
Succinate to Fumarate
Enzyme: succinate dehydrogenase
Gives of FADH2!!!
Step 7
Fumarate to Malate
Fumarase
Step 8
Malate to Oxaloacetate
Malate Dehydrogenase
Gives off NADH!!!
Production of Acetyl CoA from pyruvate?
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex, generates a NADH and requires a CoA-SH. Haha, so that's where the CoA-SH goes....