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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Microcytic Anemias
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iron deficiency
ACD Thals Sidero (lead poisoning) |
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Macrocytic anemias
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Folate and B12 defs
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Normocytic anemias w/ low corrected reticulocyte count
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blood loss < 1 week
early stage iron def early stage ACD Aplastic Anemia Renal disease Malinancy |
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Normocytic anemia w/ corrected reticulocyte count > 3 percent
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INTRINSIC DEFECTS
Membrane defects (sphero, ellipto, PNH) Abnormal hemoglobins (sickle cell) Deficient Enzymes (PK Def, G6PD def.) EXTRINSIC DEFECTS Blood loss > 1 week Immune Hemolytic Anemias Micro/Macroangioathic Hemolytic Anemias Malaria |
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Labs of Iron def Anemia
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Serum Fe: LOW
TIBC: HIGH Percent Sat: LOW Serum Ferritin LOW Others: increased RDW |
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Labs of ACD
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Serum Fe: LOW
TIBC: LOW Percent Sat: LOW Serum Ferritin: HIGH Others: none |
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Labs of Thalassemias
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Serum Fe: NORMAL
TIBC: NORMAL Percent Sat: NORMAL Serum Ferritin: NORMAL Others: increased RBC count, Hb electrophoresis normal in alpha thal, abnormal in beta thal |
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Labs of Lead poisoning Anemia (a micro
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Serum Fe: HIGH
TIBC: LOW Percent Sat: HIGH Serum Ferritin: HIGH Others: Ringed sideroblasts and coarse basophilic stipling |
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Polycythemia vera Labs
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RBC mass: HIGH
Plasma volume: HIGH SaO2: NORMAL EPO: LOW |
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Appropriate polycythemia (COPD, Cyanotic Congenital heart disease)
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RBC mass: HIGH
Plasma volume: NORMAL SaO2: LOW EPO: HIGH |
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Inappropriate polycythemia labs (ectopic EPO (eg. RCC))
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RBC mass: HIGH
Plasma volume: NORMAL SaO2: NORMAL EPO: HIGH |
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Relative Polycythemia (eg. volume depletion) Labs
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RBC mass: NORMAL
Plasma volume: LOW SaO2: NORMAL EPO: NORMAL |
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MC AML; Auer Rods; 15-59 yo
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M2 AML with maturation
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Numerous auer rods; DIC invariable; t(15;17); remission induced by retinoic acid
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M3: Acute Promyelocytic
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No auer rods; gum infiltration
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M5 Acute Monocytic
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Erythtoblasts, myeloblasts
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M6 Acute erythroleukemia
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Myelofibrosis; associated with down syndrome
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M7 Acute Megakaryocytic
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Children (nb - 14 yo)
CALLA (CD10) and TdT positive t(12;21) normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia CNS and Testicular Mets |
ALL (early Bcell type)
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Children (nb - 14 yo)
CALLA (CD10) negative TdT positive t(12;21) normocytic anemia, thrombocytopenia Mets to mediastinum |
ALL (Tcell)
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virgin B cells (hypogammaglobulinemia)
patients > 60 yo generalized lymphadenopathy smudge cells, thrombocytopenia, anemia (immune hemolytic) |
CLL
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HTLV-1 association
CD4 positive TdT negative Skin infiltrate Lytic bone lesions with hypercalcemia |
Adult T-Cell leukemia
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B cell leukemia
TRAP stain positive response to purine nucleosides cytoplasmic projections |
Hairy cell leukemia
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EBV associated NHL
t(8;14) starry sky GI ract, para-aortic nodes (american) jaw (african) Bone marrow involvement |
Burkitt's lymphoma
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Common adult NHL
germinal centers extranodal involvement (GI, brain (ebv assoc.)) |
Diffuse Large Bcall lymphoma
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H. pylori associated
MALT derived stomach |
Extranodal Marginal lymphoma
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common adult NHL, elderly patients
germinal center t(14;18) BCL2 Generalized lymphadenopathy BM involvement |
Follicular lymphoma
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elderly patients
small mature B cells generalised lymphadenopathy |
SLL (lymphoma)/CLL (leukemic)
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t(11;14)
BCL1/Cyclin D activation |
Mantle Cell lymphoma
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asymptomatic young males w/ cervical/supraclavicular lymphadenopathy
L/H variants of RS cells (popcorn cells) |
Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkins
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Anterior mediastinal nods (CXR) AND either cervical or mediastinal nodes
Lacunar variant RS cells Collagen (via TGFb) seperates malignant areas sixty percent of hl, mostly female |
Nodular sclerosing HL
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RS cells numerous; mononuclear variants
eosinophils (IL5), plasmacells, histiocytes men over 50 epstein barr associated common |
mixed cellularity HL
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RS cells frequent
most aggressive men over 50 rare |
lymphocyte depletion HL
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DIFFUSE Eczematous rash
Organ involvement Lytic lesions of bones Rapidly Fatal CD1 positive Birbeck granules |
Letterer Siwe Langerhans Histiocytosis
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Fever
LOCALIZED rash (scalp, ear canal) lytic skul lesions DI due to post.pit invasion exophthalmos CD1 positive Birbeck granules |
Hand Schuller Christian Langerhans Histiocytosis
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Unifocal lytic lesion
CD1 positive Birbeck granules |
eosinophilic granulomas lngerhans histiocytosis
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platelet aggregation defect
AR Absent GpIIb/IIIa receptors absent thrombosthenin |
Glanzmanns disease
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Platelet adhesion defect
AR Absent GpIb receptors for vWF giant platelets w/thrombocytopenia |
Bernard Soulier
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vascular defect
caused by vitamin C def. defective collagen resulting in poor crosslinking ecchymoses and hemarthrosis |
Scurvy
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platelet adhesion defects
AD absent vWF (thus decreased VIII:c) combinedplatelet and coagulation factor disorder |
vWD
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IgG antibodies against GpII/III receptors (T2HSR)
post-viral infection epistaxis bruising, petechiae children |
Acute ITP
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IgG antibodies against GpII/III receptors (T2HSR)
SLE, HIV, Lymphoprliferative disorders splenectomy, IV y-globulin Adults (women esp) |
Chronic ITP
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deficiency of vWF-cleaving metalloprotease in endothelial cells
increased circulating vWF multimers increases platelet adhesion to areas of endothelial injury at arteriole-capillary junctions platelets consumed by thrombi production (not DIC) |
TTP
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PENTAD: FEVER, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, RENAL FAILURE, SCHISTOCYTES (MHA), CNS DEFECITS
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TTP
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endothelial damage from shigalike toxin of 0157H7 E coli (undercooked beef) (also, shigella and salmonella)
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HUS
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QUARTAD: THROMBOCYTOPENIA, RENAL FAILURE, SCHISTOCYTES (MHA), BLOODY DIARRHEA
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HUS
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Thrombocytopenia, ITP, TTP, HUS
Labs (platelet count, BT, PT, PTT) |
PC: LOW
BT: HIGH PT: NORMAL PTT: NORMAL |
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vWD Labs (platelet count, BT, PT, PTT)
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PC: NORMAL
BT: HIGH PT: NORMAL PTT: HIGH (factor 8c) |
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Hemophilia
Labs (platelet count, BT, PT, PTT) |
PC: NORMAL
BT: NORMAL PT: NORMAL PTT: HIGH |
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DIC
Labs (platelet count, BT, PT, PTT) |
PC: low
BT: high PT: high PTT: high |
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Primary firbinolysis
Labs (platelet count, BT, PT, PTT) |
PC: normal
BT: high PT: high PTT: high |
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aspirin/nsaids
Labs (platelet count, BT, PT, PTT) |
PC: normal
BT: high PT: normal PTT: normal |
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warfarin/heparin
Labs (platelet count, BT, PT, PTT) |
PC: normal
BT: normal PT: high PTT: high |
