Great Depression and New Deal

Hoover vs. FDR; Hoover--Republican; FDR--Democrat (Gov of NY); Hoover unpopular due to Depression; Roosevelt great speaker, wife Elanor a big part of popularity/success; FDR won with 472-59 in the electoral college; represented a shift of Afr-Americans from Republicans to Democrats

most active first lady in history; fought for equality for minorities, laborers, the oppressed; put up FDR's infidelities; controversial due to her fearless and outspoken campaigning for reform

wealthy New Yorker; got polio/infantile paralysis in 1921; dealing with disease made him stronger; got Democratic nomination for pres. in 1932, and flew to personally accept it; speeches written by others, but still a great speaker

for 4 months after FDR elected, Hoover still in office; FDR wouldn't cooperate; Hoover couldn't do much; banks stayed mostly closed, deepening economic problems

Relief, Recovery, Reform
Relief and Recovery--first stages (2 years)
Reform--long-term change to prevent similar depressions in the future

March 6-10, 1933; banks reopened with a clean slate

March 9-June 16, 1933; Congress passed all kinds of New Deal legislation in a frantic attempt to end depression; encouraged by progressivism in Europe and earlier in the U.S.

unemployment insurance (welfare), old age insurance, minimum-wage, conservation and development of national resources, restrictions on child labor

1933; gave FDR control of bank transactions and re-open closed banks

radio speeches to American citizens; 35 million listeners; assured people it was safe to keep money in banks

Hoover vs. FDR; Hoover--Republican; FDR--Democrat (Gov of NY); Hoover unpopular due to Depression; Roosevelt great speaker, wife Elanor a big part of popularity/success; FDR won with 472-59 in the electoral college; represented a shift of Afr-Americans from Republicans to Democrats

most active first lady in history; fought for equality for minorities, laborers, the oppressed; put up FDR's infidelities; controversial due to her fearless and outspoken campaigning for reform

wealthy New Yorker; got polio/infantile paralysis in 1921; dealing with disease made him stronger; got Democratic nomination for pres. in 1932, and flew to personally accept it; speeches written by others, but still a great speaker

for 4 months after FDR elected, Hoover still in office; FDR wouldn't cooperate; Hoover couldn't do much; banks stayed mostly closed, deepening economic problems

Relief, Recovery, Reform
Relief and Recovery--first stages (2 years)
Reform--long-term change to prevent similar depressions in the future

March 6-10, 1933; banks reopened with a clean slate

March 9-June 16, 1933; Congress passed all kinds of New Deal legislation in a frantic attempt to end depression; encouraged by progressivism in Europe and earlier in the U.S.

unemployment insurance (welfare), old age insurance, minimum-wage, conservation and development of national resources, restrictions on child labor

1933; gave FDR control of bank transactions and re-open closed banks

radio speeches to American citizens; 35 million listeners; assured people it was safe to keep money in banks

Hoover vs. FDR; Hoover--Republican; FDR--Democrat (Gov of NY); Hoover unpopular due to Depression; Roosevelt great speaker, wife Elanor a big part of popularity/success; FDR won with 472-59 in the electoral college; represented a shift of Afr-Americans from Republicans to Democrats

most active first lady in history; fought for equality for minorities, laborers, the oppressed; put up FDR's infidelities; controversial due to her fearless and outspoken campaigning for reform

wealthy New Yorker; got polio/infantile paralysis in 1921; dealing with disease made him stronger; got Democratic nomination for pres. in 1932, and flew to personally accept it; speeches written by others, but still a great speaker

for 4 months after FDR elected, Hoover still in office; FDR wouldn't cooperate; Hoover couldn't do much; banks stayed mostly closed, deepening economic problems

Relief, Recovery, Reform
Relief and Recovery--first stages (2 years)
Reform--long-term change to prevent similar depressions in the future

March 6-10, 1933; banks reopened with a clean slate

March 9-June 16, 1933; Congress passed all kinds of New Deal legislation in a frantic attempt to end depression; encouraged by progressivism in Europe and earlier in the U.S.

unemployment insurance (welfare), old age insurance, minimum-wage, conservation and development of national resources, restrictions on child labor

1933; gave FDR control of bank transactions and re-open closed banks

radio speeches to American citizens; 35 million listeners; assured people it was safe to keep money in banks

insured individual deposits up to $5000; created FDIC (Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation); ended bank failures

FDR increased the gov't holdings of gold; cancel "gold-payment clause" in contracts; artificially raised the price of gold

25% peak in unemployment for Depression Era and in the history of the U.S.

Civilian Conservation Corps; most popular of the "alphabetical agencies" of New Deal; provided jobs in land improvement projects; some complaints about overly strict control of workers' jobs and salaries by gov't

Federal Emergency Relief Act; led by Harry L. Hopkins; dealt with unemployed adults; worked like welfare

Agricultural Adjustment Act; made millions of $$ available to farmers to pay debt

Home Owners' Loan Corporation; for refinancing mortgages on non-farm homes

Civil Works Administration (1933) provided temporary jobs during Winter; critics said it was wasteful, encouraged laziness