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98 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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what composes the floor of the popliteal fossa?
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popliteal surface of femur
capsule of knee joint fascia over popliteus muscle |
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what are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
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popliteal artery
popliteal vein lymphatics tibial and common peroneal nerves small saphenous vein |
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what is the arrangement of the contents of the popliteal fossa from superficial to deep?
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tibial nerve
popliteal vein popliteal artery |
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what bounds the popliteal fossa on each side?
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femoral condyle
head of gastrocnemius |
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with what does the popliteal artery anastomose?
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arteriovenous anastomosis with popliteal vein
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from where does the popliteal artery arise?
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femoral artery
|
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into what does the popliteal artery branch?
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anterior and posterior tibial arteries
branches behind the tibia |
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from where does the peroneal artery branch?
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posterior tibial artery
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from what does the popliteal vein begin?
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venae comitantes below the knee
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into what branches does the common peroneal nerve divide?
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deep peroneal nerve
superficial peroneal nerve lateral to head of fibula |
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from where does the sural nerve arise?
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both tibial and common peroneal nerves
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with what does the sural nerve run?
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small saphenous vein
on posterior side of gastrocnemius |
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from what spinal nerves does the common peroneal nerve arise?
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L4, 5, S1, 2
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what is the lateral continuation of the dorsal venous arch of the foot?
what is the medial continuation? |
lateral - small saphenous vein
medial - great saphenous vein |
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into what does the small saphenous vein empty?
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popliteal vein and profunda femoris vein
extensive communications with the great saphenous vein |
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what are the three divisions of the leg (crus)?
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anterior crural
posterior crural lateral/fibular/peroneal crural |
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what is the artery of the anterior compartment of the leg?
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anterior tibial artery
lies medial to the head of fibula |
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what does the anterior tibial artery become?
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dorsalis pedis artery
(which subsequently divides and ends as branches supplying the big toe and digit 2) |
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what are the branches of the anterior tibial artery?
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anterior tibial recurrent artery
medial and lateral malleolar arteries medial and lateral tarsal arteries arcuate artery --dorsal metatarsal branches to 2nd, 3rd, and 4th spaces ------2 dorsal digital arteries each |
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from where do the medial side of first toe and lateral side of fifth toe receive digital branches?
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first and fourth metatarsal arteries respectively
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where is the alternate origin for dorsal digital arteries?
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perforating branch of peroneal artery
|
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what arteries form the ankle anastomosis?
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medial and lateral malleolar arteries
perforating branch of peroneal artery |
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what are the muscles in the anterior crural region?
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tibialis anterior
extensor digitorum longus peroneus tertius extensor hallucis longus extensor digitorum brevis |
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what are the attachments of the tibialis anterior?
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anterolateral surface of tibia, from adjacent interosseous membrane, and from deep fascia
medial surface of metatarsal 1 and cuneiform 1 |
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what are the attachments of the extensor digitorum longus?
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anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane, deep fascia
inserts by dorsal expansions into distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes |
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what are the attachments of peroneus tertius?
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is the distal 1/4 of extensor digitorum longus
inserts into dorsum of 4th or 5th metatarsal |
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what are the attachments of the extensor hallucis longus?
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1/2 of anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
base of distal phalanx of big toe |
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what are the attachments of the extensor digitorum brevis?
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anterior part of calcaneus and extensor retinaculum
4 tendons into medial 4 toes (base of proximal phalanx of big toe, and dorsal expansions of extensor digitorum for others) |
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what is the extensor hallucis brevis?
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muscle belly and tendon from extensor digitorum brevis, which attaches to the base of the proximal phalanx of the big toe
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what is anterior compartment syndrome?
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an increased pressure within the anterior crural muscular compartment
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what are the divisions of the common peroneal nerve?
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superficial peroneal nerve
deep peroneal nerve |
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with what is the deep peroneal nerve accompanied in the leg?
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anterior tibial artery and then dorsalis pedis artery
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what is the cutaneous distribution of the deep peroneal nerve?
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opposed surface of big toe and digit 2
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what innervates the muscles of the anterior crural compartment?
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deep peroneal nerve
|
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what innervates the muscles of the lateral crural compartment?
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superficial peroneal nerve
|
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where is the cutaneous distribution of the superficial peroneal nerve?
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lateral side of leg, below knee to ankle, and dorsum of all toes
|
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what are the muscles in the lateral crural compartment?
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peroneus longus
peroneus brevis |
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what are the attachments of the peroneus longus?
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lateral aspect of fibula and septa
runs in groove inferior to cuboid, crossing sole and inserts on medial cuneiform and metatarsal 1 |
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what are the attachments of the peroneus brevis?
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lateral aspect of fibula and septa
base of 5th metatarsal bone |
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when does the fibula ossify?
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shaft - 8th prenatal week
upper epiphysis - 5th year until 22nd year lower epiphysis - 2nd year until 20th year |
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what muscles are in the posterior crural compartment?
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superficial - gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris
deep - popliteus, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus, tibialis posterior |
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what are the attachments of the gastrocnemius muscle?
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superior to lateral and medial epicondyles
ends in tendo calcaneus |
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what is the achilles tendon?
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tendo calcaneus
tendon formed from gastrocnemius, and soleus, which inserts into the middle of the posterior surface of the calcaneus |
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what is the triceps surae?
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group of muscles consisting of both heads of the gastrocnemius, as well as the soleus, which all end in triceps surae
|
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what are the attachments of the soleus muscle?
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proximal part of posterior surface of fibula
soleal line of tibia tendo calcaneus |
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what are the attachments of the plantaris muscle?
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lateral supracondylar ridge
tendo calcaneus |
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what are the attachments of the popliteus muscle?
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just inferior to lateral epicondyle
posterior surface of tibia |
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what are the attachments of the tibialis posterior?
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interosseous membranes and adjacent bones
2/3 into tuberosity of navicular 1/3 into cuboid, cuneiforms, metatarsals 2,3,4 |
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what are the attachments of flexor digitorum longus?
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posterior surface of tibia and fascia covering tibialis posterior
bases of distal phalanges |
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what are the attachments of the flexor hallucis longus?
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fibula
distal phalanx of hallux |
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what are the tendons on the posterior surface of the fibular malleolus?
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peroneus brevis
peroneus longus |
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what are the tendons in the grooves on the posterior surface of the tibial malleolus?
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from anterior to posterior, "tom, dick, and harry"
Tibialis posterior flexor Digitorum longus flexor Hallucis longus |
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into what does the tibial nerve divide in the foot?
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medial plantar nerve
lateral plantar nerve |
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what innervates the muscles of the posterior compartment of the leg?
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tibial nerve
|
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into what does the posterior tibial artery divide deep to the flexor retinaculum?
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medial plantar artery
lateral plantar artery |
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as what does the peroneal artery end?
|
lateral calcanean artery
(on lateral surface of calcaneus) |
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what forms the tarsal tunnel?
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fascial band between medial malleolus and medial surface of calcaneus
|
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what is contained in the tarsal tunnel?
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tibialis posterior tendon
flexor digitorum longus tendon posterior tibial artery and vein tibial nerve flexor hallucis longus |
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what are the bones of the foot?
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talus
calcaneus navicular cuboid medial, intermediate and lateral cuneiforms 5 metatarsals 14 phalanges |
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what forms the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
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3 medial digits and their metatarsals
3 cuneiforms navicular talus |
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what supports the medial longitudinal arch of the foot?
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calcaneus
held by ligaments, plantar aponeurosis and layer 1 of muscles |
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what forms the lateral longitudinal arch?
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2 lateral digits and their metatarsals
cuboid calcaneus |
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in what order do the bones of the foot start ossifying?
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calcaneus
talus cuboid medial, intermediate, and lateral cuneiforms navicular |
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what are the attachments of the plantar fascia of the foot?
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medial process of calcaneus
heads of metatarsals by 5 bands |
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what forms the plantar aponeurosis?
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thick central part of plantar fascia
becomes taut when toes are dorsiflexed |
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what is the cutaneous distribution of the plantar foot?
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medial plantar nerve - 3.5 digits on hallux side
lateral plantar nerve - 1.5 digis on pinky toe side heel - tibial nerve medial arch - saphenous nerve lateral arch - sural nerve |
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what are the 3 muscles in the first layer of the plantar foot?
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abductor hallucis
abductor digiti minimi flexor digitorum brevis |
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what are the attachments of the abductor hallucis?
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calcaneus
proximal phalanx of hallux |
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what innervates the abductor hallucis?
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medial plantar nerve
|
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what are the attachments of the abductor digiti minimi?
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calcaneus
proximal phalanx of toe 5 |
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what innervates the abductor digiti minimi?
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lateral plantar nerve
|
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what are the attachments of the flexor digitorum brevis?
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calcaneus
middle phalanges of toes 2-5 by splitting into 2 bands |
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what innervates flexor digitorum brevis?
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medial plantar nerve
|
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what are the two muscles and two tendons in the second layer of the plantar foot?
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flexor digitorum longus tendon
quadratus plantae muscle lumbrical muscles flexor hallucis longus tendon |
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what are the attachments of the quadratus plantae?
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medial side of calcaneus
tendon of flexor digitorum longus |
|
Effects of beta1 blockers
|
Decresed HR, SV, CO, renin, aqueous humor production
|
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what innervates the quadratus plantae?
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lateral plantar nerve
|
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what are the attachments of the lumbricals?
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tendons of flexor digitorum longus
dorsal digital expansions |
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what innervates the lumbricals?
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lumbrical 1 - medial plantar nerve
others - lateral plantar nerve |
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what are the three layers in the third layer of the plantar foot?
|
flexor hallucis brevis
flexor digiti minimi adductor hallucis |
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what are the attachments of the flexor hallucis brevis?
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tarsal bones
both sides of proximal phalanx of hallux |
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what innervates the flexor hallucis brevis?
|
medial plantar nerve
|
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what are the attachments of the flexor digiti minimi?
|
base of fifth metatarsal
lateral side of proximal phalanx of toe 5 |
|
what innervates the flexor digiti minimi?
|
lateral plantar nerve
|
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what are the attachments of the adductor hallucis?
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oblique head - tarsal bones
transverse head - metatarsal heads both - lateral base of phalanx 1 of hallux |
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what innervates the adductor hallucis?
|
lateral plantar nerve
|
|
how many interossei are there?
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7 total
4 dorsal 3 plantar |
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what is the function of the interossei?
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keeps foot from spreading by holding together the heads of metatarsals
flex metatarsophalangeal joints extend interphalangeal joints |
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in reference to what is adduction and abduction of the toes considered?
|
toe #2
|
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what innervates the interossei?
|
lateral plantar nerve
|
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what are the muscles of the fourth layer of the foot?
|
interossei (dorsal and plantar)
tibialis posterior tendon peroneus longus tendon |
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what is the smaller terminal branch of the posterior tibial artery?
|
medial plantar artery
|
|
between what muscles does the medial plantar artery pass in the foot?
|
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis |
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what is the larger terminal branch of the posterior tibial artery?
|
lateral plantar artery
|
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what artery forms the deep plantar arch?
|
lateral plantar artery
by joining with the deep plantar branch of the dorsalis pedis artery |
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what are the branches of the deep plantar arch?
|
3 perforating arteries (join dorsal metatarsal arteries)
4 plantar metatarsal arteries (bifurcate into plantar digital arteries) branch to medial side of hallux branch to lateral side of toe 5 |
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what is innervated by the lateral plantar nerve?
|
quadratus plantae
abductor digiti minimi flexor digiti minimi 3 lateral lumbricals 7 interossei adductor hallucis |
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what is innervated by the medial plantar nerve?
|
abductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis flexor hallucis brevis first (medial) lumbrical |
