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149 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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PERISYLVIAN ZONE
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The cortex surrounding Sylvian fissure in TEMPORAL LOBE
INCLUDES: BRoca's area, Wernicke's area, supramarginal & angular gyrus |
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Affrerent means?
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Outside goin In. Going toward the brain. Sensory Deals w/ dendrites
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Efferent means?
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Inside is going out. Going away from. MOTOR. Deals w/ axon
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3 types of myleinated fibers. Name them
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Projection, Association, Commissural Fibers
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Projection fibers are shaped how and projected where?
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Fan shaped and projected down to Internal capsule(compact band) near the brain stem.
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Association Fibers interconnect what?
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interconnects various regions of CORTEX & Other areas
shorter than projections but still reasonably long |
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What are the 3 main bundles of association fibers?
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1)Uncinate fasiculous- Connects frontal to temporal
2) Arcuate fasciculous- connects broca's & wernickes 3) Cingulate- connects frontal to parietal- through hippocampus connects to temporal |
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Uncinate Fasiculous connects what lobes?
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frontal and temporal
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Arcuate asciculous connects which parts of lobe?
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Where broca's connects wernicke's
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what is a dysfunction of #22 wiernickes
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APHASIA
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What is the commissural fibers?
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2 bands of commisural fibers interconnects cortical regions of 2 hemispheres
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Corpus collosum
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part of commisural fibers. lrgst white matter in the brain. connects rt and lft hemispheres. HORSESHOE SHAPE
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Important landmarks of brain name them
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LONGITUDINAL FISSURE
TRANSVERSE FISSURE CENTRAL SULCUS: FISSURE OF ROLANDO-seperates front & parietal LATERAL SULCUS: SULCUS OF SYLVIAS- seperates front,temporal,and edge of parietal |
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Frontal 1, 2, & 3 name them
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1, #4 pre central gyrus(motor Strip),FX:mvmnt LIMBS
DYS: PAralysis 2, #6, #44brocas area, fx: motor planning,programming DYS: APRAXIA, 3, #9 Prefrontal cortex, recipr0cal connection w. thalamus |
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Temporal lobe 1,2,3 name them
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#41, #42 Heschl Gyrus, (hearing), damage=no LOCALIZATION
2, #22 Wernickes (interpret sound), DYS: Receptive Aphasia, cant understand language 3, Storage MEmory |
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Dys function in #3 of Frontal Lobe would mean?
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Hyperactivity, loss of social inhibitions, No forsight, or mature judgement
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Dys func in #2 of frontal would mean?
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Apraxia: inability to plan voluntary mvmnt
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Dys Func in # 1 of frontal would mean?
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Paralysis
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Dys function in #1 of in Temporal would mean?
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No localization of sound.
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Dys function in #2 of temporal would mean?
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Receptive aphasia, cant understand language
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Dys function of #3 of temporal would mean?
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Loss of storage memory
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Dys function of 1 of parietal would mean?
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Stroke. paralysis, NUMBNESS
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Dys function of 2 in parietal would mean?
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Tactile agnosia- you dont register what you feel.
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Dys function of 3 in Parietal would mean?
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#39=Alexia inability to read,
Argraphia=iability to write Anomia= word frinding Acalcula= inability to solve math problems #40= problems with word recognition, PHONETIC AND ARTICULATION |
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LEgions in parietal=
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Deficits on opposite side of body
Right lesion= language is preserved, deficit in appreciation of the left 1/2 of space, left neglect |
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Legion in parietal of right wold mean?
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develop a lg disrder
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Dys of 1 in occipital would mean?
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cortical blindness
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Dys of 2 in occipital would mean?
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Visual agnosia (know know through touch
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ANIMAL INSTINCTS ARE PART OF ?
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LIMBIC SYSTEM
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What is the function of the LIMBIC SYSTEM?
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ANIMAL INSTINcts, FEAR, HUNGER, AROUSAL
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True or false the hypothalamus deals with animal instincts.
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TRUE
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PArts of BASIL GANGLIA NAME THEM
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Caudate Nucleus (Gray)
Lenticular Nucleus (Gray) Internal Capsule (White) |
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what helps HELPS BALANCE AND COORDINATION, Balance, muscle tone, posture, coordination?
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BASIL GANGLIA -Close to Limbic system- MIDDLE PART OF CORTEX OF BRAIN
Caudate Nucleus (Gray) Lenticular Nucleus (Gray) Internal Capsule (White) |
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LIMBIC SYSTEM
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encircles top of brain stem, center of brain- animal instincts- connected to short term memory
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Short term memory deals with?
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Hippocampus,
Fornix, Cingulate gyrus, Amygdala |
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What does the corpus collosum do?
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allow both side of brain to communicate- mt, spatial tactile, on rt side of brain
LFT= speech, analytical(verbal) |
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Thalamus organizes all senses except for?
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OLFACTION(smell)
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Athetosis
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= invluntary slow writihing mvmnt
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Chorea=
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sudden jerky mvmnt
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PArkinsons=
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Ridgidity, resting tremors
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Thalamus recieves info directly or indirectly from all parts of the body except
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OLFACTION-
thalamus is on either side of the 3rd ventricle |
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2 most important arts of thalamus are
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lateral and medial geniculate
LAteral=Visual Medial-auditory |
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FX of Basil GANGLIA =
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Balance coordination, Muscle tone, includes
Caudate Nucleus Lantricular nucleus Internal capsule |
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What forms the corpus striatum?
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parts of the basil ganglia
Caudate Nucleus Lantricular nucleus Internal capsule |
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Internal casule seperates what ?
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The caudate nucleus and the lentricular nucleus
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if legions on the limbic system of hippocampus and amygdala=
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loss of short term memory but maintain long term memory
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Limbis system recieves what type of info from where?
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Sensory info from reticular formation and returns output to part of brain stem
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THALAMUS FX
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SWITCHBOARD TO TEH BRAIN
all senses except olfaction sleep wake cyce |
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HYPOTHALMUS regulates?
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body functions 2 halfs
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DIENCEPHALON parts include
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thalamus, retcular formation, hypothalmus, epithalmus
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Hypothalamus FX is?
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mediates expression of emotional behavior, balance, metabolism, FOOD RGLUTITION, thirst
AUTONOMIC SYSTEM |
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WHERE IS HYPOTHALAMUS?
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underneath the thalamus on either side of 3rd ventricles divided in medial and lateral
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whats most important for wakefulness and Attention
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Reticular formation
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HYPOTHALAMUS:, REGULATES BODY FUNCTIONS,
examples are |
Metabolism, water balance, body temp, food regulation, emotion, sleep wake cycle, fight fever
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RETICULAR FORMATION: function is
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Spinal chord, cerebellum, & hemispheres, help receive and Send impulses
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RETICULAR FORMATION MAINLY IMPORTANT FOR
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WAKEFULNESS AND ATTENTION
Consists of nerve cells scattered throughout the brain stem Receives and sends impulses to and from the spinal cord, the cerebellum and the cerebral hemispheres |
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what is the main motor sensory pathway to neck?
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the brain stem
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TRUE OR FALSE
has cranial nerve origins |
TRUE
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TRUE OR FALSE
The brain stem also plays an important role in the regulation of cardiac and respiratory function |
TRUE
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MAIN PARTS OF BRAIN STEM ARE
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PARTS ARE: midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata
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another name for medulla oblongata
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myelencephalon
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another name for pons
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metencephalon
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another name for midbrain
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mesencephalon
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BRain stem main function is?
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main motor and sensory INNERVATION to face and neck: regulates cardiac, respiratory , sleep wake
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what are the 3 parts of midbrain?
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1) cerebral peduncles
2) superior colliculli 3)inferior colliculli |
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which part of midbrain synthesizes DOPAMINE?
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CEREBRAL PEDUNCLES(substantia nigra)
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what part contains nuclei for cranial nerves?
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CErebral Peduncles
#3 occular motor #4 trochlear |
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which part of midbrain does vision?
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Superior colliculi
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Hypokinisia is associated w?
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PARKINSONS
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HYPERKINISIA is associated with?
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NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS such as chorea- and dystonia
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main parts of brainstem
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medulla oblongata, midbrain, pons
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main parts of brainstem
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medulla oblongata, midbrain, pons
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BRAINSTEM:midbrain:Cerebral Peduncles
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DOPAMINE& VISION
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BRAIN STEM:MIDBRAIN:Superior Colliculi
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little hills- VISION
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BRAIN STEM:MIDBRAIN:Inferior Colliculi:
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AUDITORY
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what part of brain stem is the bridge to cerebellum?
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PONS
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what is below the PONS?
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MEDULLA OBLONGATA
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PONS HAS WHAT NERVE NUCLEI?
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CRANIAL NERVE NUCLEI
. Cranial Nerve Nuclei V Trigeminal VII Facial VIIIVestibulocochlear |
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TRUE OR FALSE
PONS HAS Ascending and Descending sensory and motor pathways |
TRUE
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TRUE OR FALSE
Reticular Formation is part of the PONS |
TRUE
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MEDULLA OBLONGATA: FX:
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RESPIRATION, CIRCULATION, CONTROL HEART RATE, REFLEXES
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how long is medulla oblongata
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1 inch in length
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medulla oblongata connects to brain spinal cord thorugh descending motor fibers from the cerebral cortex,
TRUE OR FALSE? |
TRUE
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medulla oblongata ascending fibers are for sensory TRUE OR FALSE?
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TRUE ASCENDING= SENSORY DESCENDING = MOTOR
to spinal cord |
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true or false
the medulla oblongata Modifies respiration rate dependent on emotional and physical demands |
TRUE
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other reflexes of the medulla oblongata are?
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Other Reflexes:
Coughing Sneezing Vomiting Blinking |
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cerebellum FX
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make adjustments for fluent mvmnt: in order to make smooth mvmnt, input form all muscles of body, compares and regulates goal of mvmnt.
MUSCLE MVMNT |
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dysdiadochokinesia is?
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Inability to perform rapid changing movements
ex. buttercup |
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EXAMPLES OF HOW CEREBELLUM can have a dysfunction
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Swaying, staggering
Rigidity as seen in cerebral palsy Inability to control range of voluntary motor acts Movements are undershot or overshot Intention tremors (tremor with voluntary acts) Inability to perform rapid changing movements (dysdiadochokinesia) (Buttercup) Speech is slurred with inappropriate blending of sounds |
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LEGIONS IN CEREBELLUM
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LEGIONS: bad balance, ataxia (discoordination), hard time controlling motor acts, and a tremor w/ voluntary acts, Disturbance of equilibrium and gait
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NAME PARTS OF PNS:
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1. Cranial Nerves with roots and rami (branches)
2. Peripheral nerves 3. Peripheral parts of the Autonomic Nervous System ANS |
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ANATOMY OF SPINAL CHORD:
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Gray commissure: bridge that links the wings of the butterfly
Dorsal/Posterior Horn: Sensory, two wingtips in the back Ventral/Anterior Horn: Motor, two wingtips in the front Intervertebral Foramen Spinal Ganglion: ovoid swelling of each Dorsal root, near or in each of the Foramen. Sensory A Ganglion is a mass of nerve cell bodies. Rami or Ramus: small branchlike structures extending from a longer one or dividing into two or more parts. |
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what is a ganglion
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GANGLION is a mass of nerve cell bodies.
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what part of brain stem controls RESPIRATION AND CIRCULATION
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MEDULLA OBLONGATA
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is the dorsal of spinal cord sensory or motor?
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SENSORY
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IS THE VENTRAL of spinal cord sensory or motor?
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MOTOR
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INTERVETEBRAL FORAMEN ARE?
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HOLES NERVES COME OUT OF
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main job of SOMATIC MOTOR CELLS?
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move the body, supply skeletal muscles
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ANATOMY OF SPINAL CORD ARE
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GRAY COMMISSURE
DORSAL, VENTRAL, INTERVETEBRAL FORAMEN, Spinal Ganglion,Rami or Ramus |
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NAME THE NEURONS OF THE SPINAL CHORD:
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SOMATIC, AUTOMATIC, TRANSMISSION, INTERNEURON
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Somatic motor cells
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Axons leave via ventral roots and supply the skeletal muscles
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Autonomic motor cells:
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Axons leave via ventral roots to autonomic ganglia (peripheral ganglia found outside the CNS forming an enlargement on a nerve or on two at their junction. Primarily sensory but the motor are primarily in the ANS)
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Transmission Neurons
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Rise to ascending projections to the brain and to connections with other spinal cord levels
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. Interneurons
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connect with other neurons at the same spinal cord level concerned with sensory and reflex mechanisms
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NAME THE TYPES OF SPINAL NERVES: (31 nerves)
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8 pairs of Cervical Spinal Nerves
12 pairs of Thoracic Nerves 5 pairs of Lumbar Nerves 5 pairs of Sacral Nerves (embyrologically, there are 5 sacral 1 pair Coccygeal Nerves |
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AUTONOMIC of spinal neurons STRAIGHT TO?
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INTERNAL ORGANS
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TRANSMISSION of spinal neuron GOES TO?
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THE BRAIN and SPINAL CORD- @ every level of spinal cord
mainly part of CNS- MORE SENSORY |
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INTERNEURON of spinal neuron
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STAYS ON SAME LEVEL
REFLEXIVE MOVEMENT QUICK INFO |
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AUTONOMIC of spinal neurons STRAIGHT TO?
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INTERNAL ORGANS
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TRANSMISSION of spinal neuron GOES TO?
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THE BRAIN and SPINAL CORD- @ every level of spinal cord
mainly part of CNS- MORE SENSORY |
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INTERNEURON of spinal neuron
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STAYS ON SAME LEVEL
REFLEXIVE MOVEMENT QUICK INFO |
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WHen neurons of spinal join together it is at?
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INTERVETEBRAL FORAMEN & they become MIXED NERVES SENSORY AND MOTOR
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from c-1 to c-7 the nerves come out below or above the vertebrae?
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ABOVE
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FROM T-1 or C-8 do the nerves come out above or below?
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BELOW
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the 8th cervical nerve leaves from where?
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above the thoracic vertebrae (t-1)
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PLEXUS
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A GROUP OF NERVES THAT SERVE THE SAME AREA OF THE BODY AS ONE LARGE GROUPED NERVE
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PLEXUS
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Serve same area of the body
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NAME SOME OF THE MAJOR PLEXUS AND THEIR IMPORTANCE TO SPEECH PATHOLOGY:
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CERVICAL:
BRACHEAL: |
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C-3-C5 keep diaphragm ALIVE
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PLEXUS:
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C-4-C5, affect
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larynx, pharynx, &throat (HEAD NECK SHOULDERS)
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C1
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carotid artery) which
determines blood pressure |
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c2
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Controls eyes, ears, sinuses
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C3
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Face, teeth,
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C4
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Pharynx, Larynx
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C5
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Neck, throat
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BRACHIAL: MAJOR PLEXUS
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T1: Trachea, esophagus, esophageal sphincter
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WHAT IS SEGMENTAL DISTRIBUTION:
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each level of spine affects specific specific part of the body
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MYOTOME
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Muscle + Nerve = Myotome
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MYOTOME
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Each muscle in the body is supplied by a particular level or segment of the Spinal
Cord and it’s corresponding nerve. MUSCLE+NERVE=MYOTOME |
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DERMATOME:
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SENSORY DORSAL ROOT (Nerve to skin)
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NERVE TO SKIN
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DERMATOME
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Area of skin supplied by nerve fibers originally from a single dorsal root
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DERMATOME (sensory, NERVE TO SKIN)
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TRUE OR FALSE
The ANS is composed of both afferent and efferent nerve fibers |
TRUE
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ANS works w/ endocrine system to create homeostasis(body to be in calm state) TRUE OR FALSE
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TRUE
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MAJOR DIVISIONS OF ANS
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The Enteric Division:
Sympathetic Division: . Parasypathetic Division |
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VENTRAL RAMI
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SUPPLIES THE HEAD AND NECK
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VENTRAL RAMI
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SUPPLIES THE HEAD AND NECK
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ANS important for
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Digestion, respiration and swallowing
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The integration of the ANS with the endocrine system allows?
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homeostasis is regulated by the Hypothalamus
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The ANS provides neural control of ?
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smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glandular secretory cells and a combination of all.
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TRUE OR FALSE
Both parts work together in the ANS with the endocrine system to maintain the stability of the body’s internal environment, or homeostasis. |
TRUE
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The Endocrine system is a group of glands and other structures that ?
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release internal secretions or hormones into the circulatory system.
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internal secretions or hormones into the circulatory system. influence?
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Influences metabolism, pancreas, pineal gland, pituitary gland, gonads, thyroid, and adrenal glands
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Importance of the ANS to the SLP:
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Digestion: Peristaltic activity, food intake
Communication: sweaty palms, dry mouth, blushing, upset stomach Will affect how someone communicates |
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CINGULATE GYRUS=limbic system
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GENERATES EMOTIONS, learning memory, RESPIRTORY CONTROL
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FORNIX=limbic system
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CONNECTION between Hypothalamus, thalamus and cignulate cortex
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HIPPOCAMPUS
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LONG TERM MEMORY, & emotion SPATIAL location
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AMYGDALA
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process and memory of emotions
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. Cytoplasm – maintains,
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metabolic balance
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