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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Where does fertilization occur?
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The falopian tube (distal third)
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Which phase of the menstrual cycle is conducive to fertilization?
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The ovulatory phase
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What happens when LH and estrogen levels peak?
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Ovulation
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If the egg becomes fertilized, which hormone stays elevated?
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progesterone
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What happens when estrogen and progesterone levels drop significantly?
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Not pregnant, menses
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Pre-embryonic period
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conception to implantation (cell division, zygote into uterus, decidua, implantation)
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embryonic period
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implantation to 8 wks (differentiation of cells, organ development)
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fetal
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9 weeks to birth (refinement of organs)
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Which period is the most fatal if teratogens are present?
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Embryonic
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What are the presumptive indicators of pregnancy?
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Amenorrhea, N/V, Fatigue, Urinary Frequency, Breast and skin changes (tenderness, enlargement, linea nigera), Vaginal and Cervical color changes, fetal movement
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What are probable indicators of pregnancy?
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Abdominal enlargement, cervical softening, uterus changes, pregnancy tests
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What are uterus changes?
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Ballottement, braxton hicks contractions, palpation of fetal outline, uterine souffle
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WHat are the types of pregnancy tests?
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Radioimmunoassay, Enzyme linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), and home pregnancy tests.
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What are the positive indicators of pregnancy?
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Ausculatation of fetal heart sounds, fetal movements felt by examiner, and visualization of the fetus.
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What do pregnancy tests detect?
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hCG
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Gravida
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Number of pregnacies regardless of duration
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Para
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number of pregnancies that end after 20 weeks
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TPAL
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Term, Preterm, Abortions, Live births
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Factors for high risk pregnancy....
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> 4 pregnancies, nonwhite, <16 years old, >35 years old, low socioeconomic status, weight <100 lb or >200 lbs, height<5ft, somoking, use of alcohol, birth of previous infant >8.8 lbs, Rh sensitization, medical conditions.
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Nagele's Rule
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Add 1 year to LMP, subtract 3 months, and add 7 days
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Gestation
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40 weeks, from conception to birth
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preeclampsia risk BP
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> or equal to 140/90
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Mcdonald's rule
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week 20, length in cm of fundal height should be the age of the fetus in weeks
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What is the rate of normal fetal heart tones?
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early 160-170, late (120-140)
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What tests need to be done?
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Cervical culture/PAP smear, Hep B, HIV, Rubella titer, ABO and rH factor, U/A
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Which rH factor is of concern and why?
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negative mother, positive father
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What can be given for a mother with rH factor incombatibility?
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Rhogam
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How often should the pregnant female visit the clinic?
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q4wks until 28 wks, then q2wks until 36 wks, then q1wk until birth
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Ultrasound
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(16-20wks)
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MSAFP
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maternal serum alpha fetoprotein (15-19wks)
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Key nutrients...
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Protein, Fatty acids (omega 3 and 6) vitamins and minerals,
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Folic acid
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green leafy veggies, fortified cereals, legumes 600ug/day
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Iron
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30mg iron/day
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Calcium and Vitamin D
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1200 mg/day
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what is recommended weight gain during pregancy?
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25-35 pounds
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How much weight should be gained during 1st trimester?
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0-3 lbs
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How much should be gained after 1st trimester?
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1 lb per wk
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how many more calories a day does a pregnant female need?
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300
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Distribution of weight gain
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4 lb bloobbd
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