- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What is MDS?
|
MDS - Myelodysplastic Syndrome
A stem cell problem where RBC, WBC, and or Platelet production is affected. There is bone marrow, but it doesn't make cells. |
|
What's different between MDS and aplastic anemia?
|
MDS has bone marrow, but it doesn't make cells. In AA, the marrow changes to fat.
|
|
What causes the low peripheral cell count in MDS?
|
Excessive progenitor apoptosis, possibly due to high TNFalpha sensitivity, or T-Cell attack.
|
|
What is the typical incidence age for MDS?
|
60-70 years
|
|
What are two common presenting symptoms?
|
Macrocytic anemia, possibly pancytopenia.
|
|
What blood disease might MDS evolve into?
|
Acute myelogenous leukemia.
|
|
What type of disease is MDS?
|
MDS is a NEOPLASTIC disease, and may be cured by bone marrow transplant.
|
|
What are the treatments for MDS?
|
1) Transplant (risky with age)
2) Transfusion support 3) Growth factors (GMCSF, EPO) |
|
Why might cyclosporin work for MDS?
|
Some cases of MDS are T-Cell mediated. Cyclosporin shows effects in approx. 60% of cases.
|
|
What is "5q Syndrome"?
|
Deletion of the 5q chromosome is associated with the loss of hematopoetic stem cell factors.
|
|
What is "polycythemia"?
|
A.K.A Erythrocytosis - too many RBCs
|
|
What are the causes of polycythemia?
|
1) Spurious - decreased plasma volume
2) Hypoxia - appropriate rise in EPO 3) High EPO - due to renal carcinoma 4) Polycythemia vera - neoplastic hematopoetic cell disorder |
|
What are some of the causes of tissue hypoxia?
|
1) Eisenmongers / VSD
2) COPD 3) OSA 4) Chronic CO poisoning |
|
What are the presenting symptoms of PV?
|
1) Peak incidence over 60
2) Erythromelalgia - episodic severe burning pain in the fingers or toes 3) HA 4) Dizziness |
|
What signs are associated with PV?
|
1) Facial plethora
2) Hepato and splenomegaly |
|
What lab level is typically LOW in PV?
|
EPO is typically undetectable in PV.
|
|
What are the two main complications with PV?
|
1) Greatly increased risk of thrombosis
2) Increases risk of bleeding. (3) Increased risk for AML (4) Increased risk for bone marrow fibrosis |
|
What are the treatment options for PV?
|
1) Phlebotomy
2) Hydroxyurea |
|
What are the important elements of a polycythemia H&P?
|
1) Smoking
2) Lung disease 3) Congenital Heart Disease 4) Family hx of same 5) Size of spleen |
