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91 Cards in this Set
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Dose for serenoa repens
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320 mg QD in 1-2 divided doses
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what percentage of steroid should be in each serenoa repens dose?
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80-90% beta-sitosterol
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dose of pygeum africana?
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75-200mg QD
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what percentage of active ingredient should be in each pygeum dose?
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14% triterpenes and 0.5% docosanol
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what part of the pygeum africana plant is used?
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bark
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what is cucurbita pepo?
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pumpkin
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what part of the pumpkin plant is used?
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seeds
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what is the dose of pumpkin?
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480mg a day in 3 divided doses
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SE of pumpkin?
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diuretic action may lead to hypotension and electrolyte imbalances
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what is urtica dioica?
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stinging nettle "urtica" = itchy
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part of stinging nettle plant used for BPH?
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root
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active ingredients (2) in stinging nettle?
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1. caffeic acid ester = chlorogenic acid
2. flavenoid = kaempferol |
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stinging nettle capsule dose
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300 mg BID
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how long does one need to use stinging nettle capsules for BPH?
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6-9 weeks
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dose of stinging nettle extract with saw palmetto?
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80mg
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stinging nettle drug interactions
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diurteics
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stinging nettle adverse effects?
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hyponatremia
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what is vaccinium macrocarpon?
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cranberry
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part of cranberry plant used?
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berries
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dose of cranberry for UTI?
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8-16 oz of pure juice
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is cranberry used for treatment or prevention of UTI?
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prevention
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active ingredients (2) in cranberry?
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anthrocyanins and quercetin
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adverse effects of cranberry TABLETS?
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kidney stones
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what is arctostaphylos uva-ursi?
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bearberry
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part of bearberry plant used?
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leaves
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use of bearberry?
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UTI treatment
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active ingredient in bearberry?
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arbutin which turns into hydroquinone
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does the urine need to be alkaline or acidic for arbutin to work (bearberry)?
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alkaline
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SE of bearberry?
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N/V due to high tannin level
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dose of bearberry?
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cold water preparation: 400-800mg arbutin a day until resolution of symptoms or 12 weeks
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drug interactions with bearberry?
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1. corticosteroids
2. NSAIDS 3. diuretics *may increase effects of all |
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what is vitex agnus castus?
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chasteberry
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part of chasteberry plant used?
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dried, ripe berries
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active ingredients in chasteberry?
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agnuside 0.5% or aucubin 0.6%
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MOA of chasteberry?
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dopamine agonist - inhibits prolactin
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dose of chasteberry extract
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30-40mg each morning before breakfast during cycle
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what is the plant name for black cohosh?
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cimifuga racemosa
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what part of the black cohosh plant is used?
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rhizome and root
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how long does it take to see results from black cohosh?
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about 4 weeks
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what is the active ingredient in black cohosh?
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27-deoxyacetin
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what other active ingredient is in black cohosh that may be the reason for its use in arthritis?
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salicylic acid
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black cohosh is considered a ___ like Tamoxifen
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SERM
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in which tissues is black cohosh an estrogenic agonist and which is it an estrogenic antagonist?
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agonist - bone and liver
antagonist - breast and uterus |
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which estrogen receptor does black cohosh act as an agonist?
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beta estrogen receptor
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what is the black cohosh dose?
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40mg of dried rhizome/root a day
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how much of the active ingredient is in the black cohosh dose?
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1 mg 27-deoxyacetin
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how long should black cohosh be used for?
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no longer than 6 months
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SE with black cohosh?
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liver toxicity
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what is glycine max?
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soy
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what are the active ingredients in soy? (2)
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1. fatty acids - omega 3
2. isoflavones - genisitin (fits into estrogen receptor) |
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what is trifolium pratense?
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red clover
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dose of red clover?
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40-80mg of isoflavones
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what is the order of recommended herbals for menopausal symptoms?
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1. black cohosh
2. soy 3. red clover |
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what is angelica sinensis?
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dong quai
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what part of the dong quai plant is used?
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roots
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how effective is dong quai for menopause?
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ineffective
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what is discorea species?
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wild yam
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what part of wild yam is used?
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roots
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what are the dosage forms of wild yam?
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oral and topical
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active ingredient of wild yam?
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diosgenin [converted to progesterone]
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what is allium sativum?
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garlic
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what part of the garlic plant is used?
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bulb
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uses of garlic?
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1. anti-atherogenic
2. lipid-lowering 3. antioxidant |
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inactive garlic ingredient?
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alliin
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what is the active garlic ingredient?
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allicin
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which is chemically unstable: alliin or allicin?
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allicin
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which has a sulfur compound: alliin or allicin?
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both alliin and allicin
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which is physiologically active: alliin or allicin?
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allicin
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which has an garlic odor: alliin or allicin?
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allicin
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how does one get allicin from alliin?
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crush alliin
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MOA of garlic?
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1. inhibits HMG-coA reductase
2. inhibits squalene epoxidase |
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what happened in 1993 with the garlic formulation that resulted in it becoming less effective?
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the company changed the formulation to a fast-release formula where only 10% of alliin was released [previously 40-50% of alliin was released]
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what is aged garlic?
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garlic that has been extracted for 20 months - it adds antioxidants to the unstable compound
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what type of patient seems to benefit the most from aged garlic?
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smokers
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drug interactions with garlic?
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1. ritonivir - GI toxicity
2. saquinavir - decreased effects 3. warfarin - increased effects |
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dose of garlic?
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600-900mg a day with 10mg alliin
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how long should one take garlic?
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6-8 weeks
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if a patient is undergoing surgery, when should they stop taking garlic?
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72 hours to 1 week before surgery
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what is the monascus purpureus?
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red yeast rice
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how is monascus purpureus synthesized?
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extracted from premium rice with a water extract
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what is the active ingredient in red yeast rice?
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monacolin K
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what is the MOA of red yeast rice?
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inhibition of HMG-coA reductase
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how does red yeast rice affect total cholesterol levels?
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decreases
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how does red yeast rice affect LDL levels?
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decreases
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how does red yeast rice affect HDL levels
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no effect
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dose of red yeast rice?
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1.2 g per day
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DI with red yeast rice? (2)
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1. statins
2. grapefruit juice |
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what is the latin name for oat?
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avena sativa (Think "Aveeno" products and taking an oat bath for poison ivy symptom relief)
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uses for oat?
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1. decrease cholesterol
2. DM 3. diarrhea 4. decrease UA levels 5. dry itchy skin [topically] |
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active ingredient in avena sativa?
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beta-glucans; increases viscosity of food in the small intestine and delays absorption to help decrease post-prandial insulin levels
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what is the dose of beta-glucans in oat products that helps reduce cholesterol levels?
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3-10 g of beta glucans a day to reduce cholesterol by 4-14 mg/dL
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