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85 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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play
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an activity that children engage in because they enjoy it for its own sake
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permissive parents
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parents who take a tolerant accepting view of their children's behavior.
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authoritative parents
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parents who respond to their children's wishes and needs, believing in parental control. they attempt to explain the reasons for it to their children.
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socialization
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refers to the need to establish and maintain relations with others and to regulate behavior according to society's demands
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the play material we furnish children are laden with________ ________
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multiple messages
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when parents buy toys, they should be concerned with the type of ________ the toy can lead to.
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activities
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authoritarian parents
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parents who are demanding and want instant obedience as the most desirable child trait.
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play is associated with four aspects of development: _______, ________, ________, and _________
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physical, cognitive, social, emotional
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psychologists today are more alert to the proper use of the terms ________ and ________ to indicate the interaction of _______ and ________ to explain gender.
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sex, gender, biology, environment
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when children develop a mental blueprint concerning gender, this is called ________ ________ ______.
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gender schema theory
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children usually acquire a sense of self by ______ months of age
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18
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the "I" is the ________
the "me" is the _________ |
knower, known
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______ day-care settings are the most numerous probably because they are the least _________
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family, expensive
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High quality day care has a positve effect on children's __________ achievement.
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intellectual
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nearly _____ of today's marriages will probably end in divorce.
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one-half
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about _____ percentage of children have siblings
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eighty
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the sibling subsystem in a family is often called the _________ _________
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sibling underworld
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many parents use parenting strategies that they don't believe are effective, such as_________ _____________
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passive nonintervention
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when a divorce is followed by a remarriage, the resulting family is called a __________ family.
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blended
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selma frailberg identified the early childhood period as
a. children and their parents b. the magic years c. stress and storm d. society and its children |
the magic years
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a child who is aggressive and demonstrates a lack of responsibilty is associated with _______ parenting behavior.
a. authoritative b. permissive c. authoritarian d. doting |
permissive
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almost ______ percent of second marriages will end in divorce
a. 48 b. 62 c. 74 d. 83 |
62
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divorce is thought of today as a _______ of experiences.
a. sequence b. repression c. assimilation d. amalgamation |
sequence
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after divorce, family conditions usually stabilize in about ______ years.
a. two b. three c. four d. five |
two
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about ____ ______ places provide day-care services.
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35000 to 45000
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_______ are older, better educated, and higher paid care givers.
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nannies
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in the united states the majority of children under_____ recieve nonparental care.
a. 2 b. 3 c. 4 d. 5 |
5
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the most important feature of day care is the ______ of care provided.
a. time b. degree c. extent d. quality |
quality
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the beliefs that we have about the characteristics and behavior we associate with male and female is called
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gender stereotypes
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the cognitve development theory, children first acqire their
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gender identity
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social learning theory depends on the concept of ______ to explain the acquisition of appropiate gender behavior.
a. schema b. assimilation c. reinforcement d. adaptation |
reinforcement
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when children of the same sex tend to play together, it is referred to as
a. sex differentiation b. sex cleavage c. sex bias d. sex dichotomy |
sex cleavage
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play materials are grouped into _______ categories
a. 4 b. 6 c. 8 d. 10 |
4
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true play has no _______ goals
a. divergent b. coericive c. intrinsic d. extrinsic |
extrinsic
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piaget classified games as practice, with rules, and
a. complex b. routine c. simple d. symbolic |
symbolic
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obtaining information from memory.
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retrieval
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imposing structure on information to aid recall
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organization
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repeating information to aid memory
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rehearsal
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the amount of information a person can attend at the time.
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span of apprehension
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children's realization that others' thoughts affect their behavior.
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theory of mind
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refers to when children learn to distinguish and accept the real world
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realism
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cognitive development extending from about 2 to 7 years
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preoperational
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children's preference for using one hand over the other.
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handedness
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skills( both gross and fine ) resulting from physical development enabling children to perform smoothe and coordinated physical acts
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motor skills
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language that children use to show an understanding of words without hecessarily producing them.
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receptive language
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techniques to help children detect word meanings
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fast mapping
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language that children use to express their own ideas and needs.
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expressive language
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children's inappropiate use of language rules they have learned.
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overregulation
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childrens tendency to apply a word too widely.
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overextentions
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imitative behavior that continues after the disapperance of the model to be imitated.
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deferred imitation
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the game of pretending
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symbolic play
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child's growing ability to engage in abstract thinking
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representation
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the ability to reverse thinking
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reversibility
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the ability to group objects with some similarities within a larger category.
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classification
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the centering of attention on one aspect of an object and the neglecting of any other features.
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centration
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students are taught partly in english and partly in their own language
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bilingualism immersion
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mental images that are faithful to the oringinal object event being represented
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reproductive images
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images that enable the child to anticipate change.
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anticipatory images
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a program that has children spend 90% of their time using the minority language is called _________ _________
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bilingual immersion
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LEP refers to
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limited english profiency
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the two chief methods for instructing the non-english speaking students are _______ and ________.
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bilingual educaton, ESL
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________ describes how to put sounds together to form words.
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phonolgy
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preschool programs are usually oriented to either _________ or _______/_______/ _________ development.
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cognitve, physical, social, emotional
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when children understand the what people believe affects what they do, they are at the _____-_______ level.
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belief-desire
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to understand that an object retains properties no matter how its form changes is called_________.
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conservation
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attributing human activity or creation to things is known as _________.
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artificalism
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according to piaget, _________ is the means that permits children to assimilate reality to self.
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play
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gardner has attributed the loss of a child's artistic creativity to the ________ ____ _________.
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"reach for realism"
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motor skils fall into two types ______ and _______,
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gross, fine
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much of our knowledge about the development of children's art is based on the millions of children's drawings collected by ___________.
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kellogg
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the period of early childhood extends form the age of ______ to the age of ______.
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2,6
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by the age of 3 a child should be able to
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jump from stairs
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by the age of five to six years, _______% of adult brain weight is present.
a. 70 b. 80 c. 90 d. 100 |
90
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a frequent cause of psychological disturbance for children can be
a. brain adaption b. muscle growth c. equilbration d. stress |
stess
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using the large muscles is referred to as _______ motor skills.
a. fine b. peripheral c. gross d. anatomical |
gross
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controlled scribbling appears at about age
a. 5 b. 3 c. 4 d. 2 |
3
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a child's belief the inanimate objects are real and conscious is known as
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animism
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by the time children are ready to enter first grade they have a vocabulary of about _______ words.
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8000
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project head start was initiated in the
a. 1960s b. 1970s c. 1980s d. 1990s |
1960s
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a child's ability to absorb experiences from the environment.
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absorbent mind
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the belief that a gene predisposes us to handedness is called the ________ theory.
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biased-gene
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hemispheric specialization is often reffered to as __________.
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lateralization
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by 2 to 2 1/2 years of age, the brain has achieved about _________% of its adult weight.
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75
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by the end of this period children begin to lose their ________ ________.
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baby teeth
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during this period a child can grow as much as ______ inches and gain about _______ pounds per year.
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12,5
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