HIST 2322 Exam 3

-12th to 16th c CE
-established by Turkish-Afghans
-established Muslim polity in India by conquering Raiputs
-granted large estates to those who supported them
-conquered by the British

-regional kingdoms
-principalities
-conquered by Delhi Sultanate, some by British
-indicates head of family
-solicited support from Brahmans by giving them land

-“New Stone Age”
-domestication of agriculture
-domestication of animals
-occurred in Americas during 8,000 BCE
-maize, beans, squash, potatoes, coacoa

-commemorated battles, defeated neighbors, and captured fighters
-Quetzalcoatl
-pyramids
-governed by religious and mythological ideas
-iconography

-Teotihuacan was largest urban settlement until 16th c CE
-grid pattern urban layout
-oriented towards various faces of Venus
-alliances of towns
-higher altitudes for pastureland

-cosmological view
-time and space are connected
-pantheon
-relationship between humans and supernaturals
-made sacrafices to gods

-sacrificed to gods in huge pits
-gods returned rain, sun, and crops
-Aztecs needed huge means of bloods and hearts
-slaughtered children
-executed and dismembered captives

-13th to 4th c BCE
-skilled agriculturalists
-created large sculptures of heads
-most are 5 to 10 feet tall
-carved out of basalt

-3rd c BCE to 7th c CE
-largest urban settlement until 16th c
-grid pattern urban layout
-plumbing
-great with pottery

-3rd to 10th c CE
-energetic city builders
-offered war captives as sacrifice to gods
-created Solar calendar
-great mathematicians, astronomers, and navigators

-14th to 16th c CE
-complex system of alliances
-statuses divided into occupational and clans
-agricultural economy
-yearly festivals to celebrate gods

-classes divided into occupational and clans
-nobility drawn from many of the clans
-warriors divided into smaller groups
-about 20 major clans
-social alliances tended to be based on clans

-agriculturally based
-provided four harvests per year
-tributary system
-used to gain resources through conquered subjects

-people of the Andes
-united by culture and faith more so than political system
-center of vast trade network that went through South America
-spread trading system up the mountain side
-developed extensive irrigation works

-put together networks of road, bridges, and post delivery
-imposed their language on conquered peoples
-main centers of Cuzco and Machu Picchu
-divided into 4 provinces
-local rulers

-language of the Inca
-Incas imposed Quechua on conquered peoples to promote cultural unity

-functioned as a kind of writing
-system of knotted cords
-colored spun thread
-from llama or alpaca hair
-contained numeric and other values encoded by knots

-women made gains
-main periods are "early" and "late"
-advances in art, technology, learning, architecture, and banking
-experienced housing crutch

-Crusades
-Battle of Hastings
-Hundred Years War
-Battle of Agincourt
-Battle of Golden Spurs

-Charlemane is the founder
-crowned Holy Roman Empire by Pope in 800 CE
-wanted to recreate capital of Antiquity
-degree of unity from Roman Empire never returned
-composed of mainly German principalities

-most people on manors were serfs
-typically included a couple of villages
-each had own courts, laws, tax codes
-most had churches
-lords were key leaders

-decentralized forms of politics
-small regional kingdoms
-kings leased land to lords
-depended on knights to protect them
-customs, taxes, etc. all fixed locally