Histology Epithelium/Glands

Avascular tissue on exterior of body and lines cavities. Functional component of glands.

free apical; latter cell-cell adhesions; polarity; on basement membrane

like epithelium but lacks free apical surface

Transport; Absorption; Secretion; Protection; Receptor

1. layers (simple, stratified) 2. shape (squamous, cuboidal, columnar) 3. apical specializations (microvilli, stereocilli, cilli)

In response to persistant injury. Regresses. Histologically-increase in nucleus size; abnormal arrangement of cells. Usually in hyperplastic squamous epi. (skin, bronchus, cervix)

Arises from epi. cells but invades surrounding tissues. Malignant changes but no invasion thru basement membrane. Name by appearance, cell origin, or organ of development.

Core of actin filaments (MF) inserts into terminal web. Increase surface area.; Actin binding proteins (ABPs)= villin (at tip), fimbrin, fascin, myosin 1 (anchor to lateral), myosin 2 (terminal web)

Long microvilli ONLY in epididymis, ductus deferens, hair cells of ear; ABPs=erzin, fimbrin, alpha-actinin (terminal web)

Core of MT arranged into axoneme. Types- motile and nonmotile (AKA primary)

9X2 microtubules. Outer doublet is a complete A MT and incomplete B MT. Dynein arms of A MT slide along B MT (uses ATP). Dynein allows cilium to bend. Radial spokes regulate ATPase.

Group of autosomal recessive hereditary disorders. Kartagener's syndrom- no dynein arms, respiratory infections, sterility, situs inversus in 50%. Young's syndrome-no radial spokes, same symptoms

One/cell. Axoneme with 9+0 MTs. Sensory-kidney epithelia.

4th cause of kidney failure. Defect in sensory cilia of collecting ducts. Urine bends cilia and opens calcium channel for signal transduction pathway. Formation of cysts.

At base of cilia and template for ciliary formation. If at nucleus it is a centriole. 9 sets of triplet MTs (A,B, and C). Found in pairs at right angles.

Group of genetically heterogeneous disorder. Defect in basal bodies or cilia causes no signaling pathway. Retinal degeneration, etc. Kidney transplate if becomes cystic.

simple squamous epi. lining vascular system

simple squamous epi. lining walls and closed cavities

Tumors in parietal and visceral serous membranes. Caused by exposure to asbestos and long latency period.

appears stratified but all cells on basement membrane

stratified squamous epi lines lower urinary tract

adhesive components between epi cells; consist of zonula occludens, zonula adherens, macula adherens

Most apical. Limited resistance to mechanical stress. Transmembrane proteins: claudins (sealing), occludin (signal transmitter), junctional adhesion molecule (intx w/claudin), ZO-1 (intx w/actin). Transports and establishes barrier to restrict diffusion. MFs, almost fused cm; Paracellular

transmembrane protein of z. occludens; backbone of strands; seals; forms extracellular aqueous channel for paracellular transport; claudin 1=coreceptor for Hep C; claudin 4=recept for Clostridium p. exterotoxin, drugs

transmembrane protein of z. occludens; signal transducer; tumor suppressor; regulates actin and pore permeability

transmembrane protein of z. occludens; associates with claudins; binds retroviruses, coxsackie, adenovirus

Bacteria targets proteins of z. occludens so it breaks down. Enterotoxin of Clostridium perfrigens binds claudins and porms a pore. H. pylori binds to JAM at tight junctions and loss of polarization.

Virus targets protein of z. occludens causing cancer of death. Hep C binds claudin and internalizes. Retroviruses bind Jam and internalize. Parasites have serine protease that destroys ZO.

Transmembrane proteins. Interact with each other by extracellular domains. Low strength adhesion. Interact with cellular cytoskeleton by cytoplasmic domains.

Band around cell. Strong cell-cell interaction. E-Cadherin (Ca dependent) to interact with actin cytoskeleton via ABPs

Adheres cardiac muscle cells. Similar composition to z. adherens.

Major; strong attachment. Anchoring sites for Ifs- keratin (tonofilaments). Not continuous band. Also outside of junct complex

Electron-dense disc on cytoplasmic side of each cell. Where IFs are anchored. Dissipating physical forces. Composed of desmoplakins and plakoglobins.

Direct passage of signaling molecules. In epi, sm muscle, cardiac muscle, nerve. Transmembrane channels. Low electrical resistance. Connexon with 6 sym subunits of connexins. Channel regulated by Ca-induced changes in connexin.

Cx26 congenital deafness (K circulation in cochlear). Cx46 & Cx50 inherited cataractss. Cx32 associated with X-liked Charcot Marie Tooth Disease ( peripheral neuropathy)

Acellular layer of BL, reticular lamin, and anchoring fibrils. Collagen type IV, laminin (initiates assembly of basal lamina), proteogylcans, glycoproteins. Reticular lamina (type III collagen). Anchoring fibrils- type VII collagen anchors BL to reticular lamina. Interacts with fibronectin

1. Lamina densa- type IV collagen, laminins, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, electron dense. 2. Lamina rara (lucida)- artifact, clear area

3 domains: N-terminal 7S; middle helical, C-terminal NC1. Form NC1 trimer using 3 NC1. Form NC1 hexamer by interaction of 2 NC1. Tetramer by interaction of 4 dimers by 7S. Suprastructure by end-to-end interaction of tetramers.

Entactin-links laminin with type IV collagen. Perlecan- proteoglycan with protein core and heparan sulfate

Initiated by IV collagen and laminins. Ca dependent and polymerization of laminin of basal surface. Type IV collagen associates with laminin using entactin. This provides binding sites for other mlc. Integrin binds to laminin.

Where lots of mechanical stress. Intracellular attachment plaque.

Autoimmune disease-Ab against hemidesmosomes. Presence of IgG against BP230.

Anchors actin filaments into BL (by integrins via ABPs). Dynamic changes of epi cells (wound healing). Also in fibroblasts and sm. muscle. Site of signal dectection and transduction. Integrins bind to fibronectin and laminin.

In fluid-transporting cells. Increase surface area dn where mitochondria are concentrated.

Epithelial origin. Proliferation of epi cells and invagination into CT.

no duct system; hormone secretes into CT and enters blood to travel to target

no duct system; secretes into extracellular space and diffuse thru CT to affect cells with same epi.

Secretes onto epi surface or by duct. 1. merocrine (eccrine) is release by exocytosis, salivary gland 2. apocrine- release along with entire apex of cell, mammary 2. holocrine-whole cell released, sweat

Unicellular- single cells among non-secretory. Multicellular- more than one cell

proteinacious, water, round/oval nucleus

Mucins, flat nucleus against BL

Both serous and mucous cells. Serous and base of acinus outside mucous called serous demilunes.

CT component; encapsulates, divide, barrier, innervation, myoepithelial cells

functional component; secretory cells and ducts

originates in glandular tissue; not necessarily glandular but are secretory

surface ectoderm; anterior lobe of pituitary; neuroectoderm

epi of kidney/gonads; mesothelium (lining of pleural and peritonial); endothelium (line CV vessels); adrenal coretex, epi of genital

epi of respiratory and GI; epi of thyroid, parathyroid, thymus