History 106A: SSA Language

Austronesian language family

Madagasi language (close to a tribal group's language in Borneo)

East side (esp) looks Indonesian. Merchants from Indonesia went to Madagascar, and then married Africans who came to the West side, and the result is a population that looks like a hybrid, with the Eastern side looking more Asian and the Western side looking more African. Merchants stopped at Madagascar as a ground to replenish to avoid dying from scurvy.

Khoisan speakers are scattered in Nambia and Botswana. They are pastorialists.

Bantu speakers dominated them and they intermarried into the Bantu world or retreated into the desert lands they are now at. Bantu's had stone tools and were at a fighting advantage.

CLICKS!

Mostly the Colored people of South Africa. They are descendents of intermix between Whites and Blacks. The Whites being the early Dutch settlers. The maternal mitochondrial DNA has strong ties to Khoisan women.

Afrikanners are whites who speak Afrikanns and there is only a minority in Northeast South Africa.

Overwhelmingly by the Colored population, also strong support from the White population

Black Africans.

Bantu. Black Africans in South Africa mainly speak Bantu.

They have their own party and are not part of either of the two mainstream groups (DA and ANC)

Sudan.

Cattle! Milk is crucial to the diet.

They are physically tall and thin, and a group of them in Kenya are the world's best long distance runners.

In Southwest Asia, North Africa, and North Sub-Sahara Africa + African horn.

This language group includes the semitic langauges (Arabic, Hebrew), Hausa, Berber, etc.

No ethnic link to this language

Likely originated in highland Ethiopia, which has close religious and cultural connections to Southwest Asia.

The sacred Semitic language of the Ethiopian Chruch.

Tigrinya
Somali
Oromigna
Amharic

Tigrinya and Amharic (Both spoken by Christian groups). Although Amharic forms about 30% of Ethiopia's populatio, Tigrinya only forms 6%. They dominate the Ethiopian political scene and this has sparked outcry from the Somali and Oromo speakers.

Marxist rebellion in Eastern Ethiopia established a brutal govenrment. Since then, Tigray has re-taken control and Ethiopia has been partitioned into political regions based on ethnic/language background.

Rebel group of Oromo speakers against Ethiopian government. Fights for self-determination of Oromo speakers.

Declared terrorist group by Ethiopian government.

Offices in Washington DC

Est in 1970's

Somali. In fact everyone there speaks this. Somali language also extends past the Somalia borders, so some in Somalia have voiced desire to bring all the Somalia speaking places into one country. Though that looks bleak since Somalia currently can't unite itself yet.

Bantu!

Almost all of SS Africa from DR Cngo to the areas south of it. Bantu originated in West AFrica and the speakers were power ful with iron tools and farming, so they moved South.

1) Hausa and Fulani
2) yoruba
3) Ibo/Igbo

They live in Nigeria and form the military core of Nigeria. They are politically powerful and reside in the Muslim North of Nigeria.

1) Yoruba speakers are concentrated in Largos, the largest city of Nigeria. It is very important in Nigerian politics, but unfortunately suffers religious divisions.
2) Yoruba speakers are of mixed Christian, Muslim, and indigenous Yoruba religion.

A place in Nigeria with bunches of oil. The residents there have mounted ethnic rebellion because they are angry that others are taking their oil.

Zulu : largest Eastern South African language
Xhosa: lots of political power in African National Party
Setswana: speakers after which Botswana was named

In media and in general. But more people speak Afrikanns.

French : but only really educated people speak it.

Kikongo, Lingala, Tshiluba, Swahili*** (most common in the East

Arabic Coast of AFrica spreading all the way into East DR Congo: Zanzibar, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, Rawada, Brundi, East DR Congo

Spread inland via trade

Bantu

Voting patterns in DR Congo match language groups of DR Congo.