HISTORY OF JOURNALISM FINAL

Harold Laswell was a....

A later researcher and communicator scholar added a fourth function to Laswell's original observations. The fourth function is:

Harold Laswell's three functions of communication:

The first news story-an account of a current event- to take place in the Americas was a report about....

During the colonial period and prior to the American Revolution, the colonists considered themselves....

in 1763, Britain became the dominant world power upon their defeat of....

The British policy in 1765 that initially cause dissension in the colonies was the

On march 5, 1770, a bloody skirmish on the streets of a colonial town between British soldiers and colonists led to an event known as.....

An illustration of the incident mentioned above was printed and tended to sensationalize the event and fan the flames of revolution. It was drawn by

At the Boston Tea Party, several of the colonial protestors were disguised as

The author the Revolutionary Pamphlet known as "Common Sense" is

The widespread appeal of the pamphlet "Common Sense" was that it was...

An early plea to include women's rights as part of the new republic was made to John Adams by....

The famous literary line that reads:
"These are the times that try men's souls" was written by....

As a morale booster, George Washington ordered his troops to read....

The best known of the early radical writers during colonial days also organized the Boston Tea Party. He was...

During the Revolutionary War, Black troops constituted approximately what fraction of the northern regiments?

The widespread appeal of the pamphlet "Common Sense" was that it was...

At the age of 12, Ben Franklin became a printer's apprentice for who?

The primary author of the Declaration of Independence was who?

Among the troops the continental army faced, in addition to the British, were the Hessians, who were....

Sam Adam's publishing enterprise was

Benjamin Franklin's publishing enterprise was

James Franklin's publishing enterprise was

During the Revolutionary war, approximately 25,000 black soldiers fought on both sides of the conflict....T/F

The journal of occurrences was not just one publication but rather an inter-colonial news service involving some 35 newspapers....T/F

Although it had dramatic impact because of its revolutionary thought, "Common Sense" did not have widespread circulation in the colonies....T/F

Like many of the slaves of the period, Frederick Douglass did not know his actual age because his birth date was uncertain....T/F

F. Douglass was taught to read by his church minister who used the Bible as a teaching tool....T/F

Douglass did not get to know his father because his father was sold to another slave owner before Douglass was born....T/F

Although F. Douglass admired John Brown, he never actually met him in person....T/F

Based on Douglass' success at his first public speech to abolitionists, abolitionists sought to recruit "negroes" and former slaves to speak at rallies....T/F

After hostilities broke out between the northern and southern states, Douglass remained passionately opposed to the use of black soldiers....T/F

Douglass first learned his great oratory style by....

According to journalism historians, the first black newspaper in the US was...

The person who first gave Douglass an opportunity to speak publicly against slavery was who?

The editor an publisher of the abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator, was who?

After he published his autobiography in 1845, Douglass went to England because why?

The name of Douglass' first newspaper was what?

After Douglass' wife died following 44 years of marriage, he was severely criticized for what?

John Brown was eventually what?

Frederick Douglass died how?

One of the early martyrs who used his printing enterprise to speak out against the sins of slavery but who paid for this cause with his death at the hand of a mob was....

Many southerners saw slavery from a different perspective than the abolitionists. Their counter argument was that slavery did what three things?

William Lloyd Garrison's primary vehicle for spreading the campaign against slavery was what?

Slaveholder Francis Todd sued William Lloyd Garrison for libel because of accusations Garrison has made about Todd and his mistreatment of slaves. The result trial ended with....

In a broader sense, WLG was a tactful master of propaganda and publicity because he what?

Nat Turner is best known for....

During a 4th of July celebration in Framingham, Mass., WLG shocked the crowd by doing what?

One of the best known editors of a mainstream newspaper opposed to slavery was instrumental in organizing the Republican Party that brought Abe Lincoln to power. That editor was...

Who founded the first black newspaper?

One of the first and most defiant African American journalists to write openly against slavery actually wrote for WLG's newspaper. That journalist was who?

How many presses did Elijah Lovejoy have to purchase in his career in order to keep publishing his newspaper?

Elijah Lovejoy published his abolitionist newspaper in what state?

One of the ways that the Rev. Lovejoy was able to continue publication of his abolitionist newspaper was to relocate across the river to Kentucky, a free state....T/F

Former President John Quincy Adams condemned the Rev. Lovejoy as an agitator and radical whose tirades threatened the peace in US society....T/F

Despite the Liberator's status as the most widely known voice for abolition, the paper did not build a large circulation....T/F

In the 1770s, Mary Katherine Goddard had become such a respected printer that the Founding Fathers asked her to do what?

The average 18th century woman in the US was what three things:

The woman who ultimately became the leading theorist, writer and orator of the women's movement was actually married, with children, to a husband who was an abolitionist. She was who?

The other woman who rose to prominence in the women's movement was an unmarried former school teacher named:

The document that evolved out of the two day meeting in Seneca Falls was called what?

James Gordon Bennett, editor of the New York Herald, one of the most influential newspapers in the country, said the Seneca Falls convention was what?

The venerable NY Times reacted to the early women's political activism by doing what?

Which organization was founded by Lucy Stone and her husband, Henry Blackwell?

Lucretia Mott said that the press goes through three stages in regard to social and political reforms. What were they?

The woman's suffrage press was...

The American media in the 1700s held to the belief that women lacked the ability to succeed in public service because they were intellectually inferior to men....T/F

Unlike newspapers of the era, 1700s magazines held an opposite , more positive view of women's roles by advocating for their work outside the home....T/F

The Founding Fathers did not specifically state that women would be denied rights in the new public; instead they simply ignored them....T/F

The now famous meeting in Seneca Falls, NY that jumpstarted the women's movement did not include any men....T/F

Stanton and Anthony's newspaper, The Revolution, never exceeded 3,000 in circulation and left a debt of 10,000 when it ceased publication.....T/F

Starting with the historic meeting in July 1848 in NY state, how many decades did it take before organizers were finally able to secure the fundamental right for American women to vote?

In 1868, Stanton and Anthony established their own newspaper for the purpose of spreading their cause. The newspaper was named what?

Stanton and Anthony's newspaper ceased after how many years?

A rival newspaper was started by one of the women who opposed Stanton and Anthony's strategies. She was who?

The name of Lucy Stone's rival newspaper to the Revolution was what?

As part of her strategy, in 1872, Susan B. Anthony demanded she she be allowed to register to vote in Rochester, despite it being illegal for a woman to do so. The strategy backfired when what happened?

Virginia Minor sued for the right to vote in Missouri in a case that went all the way to the Supreme court, What did the court rule in the MINOR VS HAPPERSETT case?

The following are among the first states to grant women the right to vote:

The "Woman's Bible," which was a controversial best seller around the turn of the century, was written primarily by who?

Josephine St. Pierre Ruffin was best known as what?

Despite their struggles, Stanton and Anthony lived to see the fruits of their labor with the passage of the 19th amendment....T/F

Susan B. Anthony teamed up with Lucretia Mott to write a book on the history of the women's movement....T/F

Elizabeth Cady Stanton teamed up with Matilda Joslyn Gage and Susan B. Anthony to write a book on the history of the women's movement.....T/F

For a while during the women's movement period, there were two natl. organizations that shared that spotlight over their political activities....T/F

After 20 years of separation, two major women's rights organizations united to form one organization....T/F

Compared to "The Revolution," the rival newspaper, "The Woman's Journal," was far more radical and militant....T/F

Most publications of the suffrage press in the late 1800s were aimed at an audience of middle- and upper- class white women....T/F

Rodger Streitmatter wrote that the American mainstream press used its power to influence the public, the right to vote for women should have come much sooner....T/F

The person in the press that is most credited with the downfall of Boss Tweed and his ring was who?

The work of Thomas Nast appeared in which publication?

The reason Thomas Nast was able to convey the corruption of Boss Tweed was because...

Who was among the ring of cronies run by Boss Tweed?

Much of Tweed's power came from his use of the patronage system. The patronage system is...

In the 1860s and early 1870s, this publication rose to a national circulation of 100,000, thus making it the largest publication in the country. That publication was known was....

What animal came to symbolize the corruption of Tammany Hall?

Among stories that the NY times carried about the Tweed ring was an account of what 3 things?

During the reign of Tammany Hall...almost all newspapers were what?

In an extremely unusual move in 1871, the NY times published a special section about city corruption in what two languages?

Eventually through continued negative portrayals in the press of William Tweed, the public no longer saw Tweed as a hero but rather as a scoundrel....T/F

One of the ways the Boss Tweed tried to stop the cartoonist who continually attacked him was by offering to pay for the cartoonist's travel to Europe to study art....T/F

The term yellow journalism evolved from what?

The publisher of the NY World who was originally an immigrant from Hungary and who helped push the nation to war with Spain was

The publisher of the NY Journal who was originally from California and spurred the nation to war with Spain was

One of the most common tactics Hearst used to sway public sentiment towards war with Spain was

The US military intervention in Cuban and Spanish affairs was

The singular incident that finally led to a massive public outcry for war against Spain was

According to the DVD, the civil war in Cuba was comparable to what war?

During the period before war broke out, President McKinley was....

Although the NY Journal proclaimed the destruction of the USS Maine as being caused by a Spanish mine, most experts believe that explosion was

The greatest danger faced by troops fighting on the islands of Cuba and the Philippines was

Before the fighting began, Spanish officials tried to avoid war by indicating that they were willing to compromise and reach an amicable settlement in the Cuban dispute.....T/F

The US Senate's final resolution for war passed by an extremely narrow margin.....T/F

Hearst set up a trap to catch Pulitzer in an act of plagiarizing the NY Journal by creating a fictitious war hero.....T/F

Hearst actually had his yacht seized by the Spanish authorities that were patrolling the Havana harbor .....T/F

Where did the KKK originate?

How extensive was Klan organization in the Southern states by 1868?

What was the former occupation of Klan leader William J Simmons?

What famous movie became controversial over its positive portrayal of the KKK?

How did the expose of the Klan by the NY World affect the Klan?

Which state became known as the "Klan State?"

The governor of which state asked for federal assistance in the 1920s fighting the activities of the Klan?

The primary reason that Roman Catholics became the target of the KKK was because

The downfall of Klan leader David Curtis Stephenson is attributed to

The extent of Klan power in the US by 1925 was visibly demonstrated by

What was the nickname given to Birmingham, AL during the Civil Rights era?

What organization headed by attorney Morris Dees has been tracking the activities of US hate groups?

The following are credited among the Pulitzer Prize winning newspapers for battling the KKK during it's heyday

The incident that led to an outbreak of violence known as the Tulsa Riot of 1921 was over

At the time of the Tulsa Riot, most of the city's black population resided in an area known as

The newspaper that added to the volatile situation in Tulsa with its biased reporting was

A showdown between the Klan and the newspaper in Memphis took place over the city election in 1923. What was the outcome of that showdown?

Joseph Pulitzer battled the KKK through the investigative exposes of his newspaper of the Klan's activities.....T/F

Women were not allowed to join the KKK, and therefore, no women were counted among the organization's ranks.....T/F

The Klan in Alabama was successful in its initial efforts to thwart press freedom in Alabama through its passage of broad state libel laws......T/F

Father Charles Coughlin first emerged as a radio personality in.....

Although he started out on local radio, Father Coughlin eventually signed a contract to speak nationwide on which network?

His widespread appeal during the Great Depression can be attributed to

When the major broadcasting networks refused to renew or offer him contracts for his radio show, Coughlin responded by

In 1934, Coughlin moved into direct political action by creating the

Both the NY Times and President Roosevelt credited Coughlin with killing a proposal that would have led to

"Social Justice" was the name of....

The "Protocols of the Elders of Zion" that Coughlin reprinted were spurious (not authentic) documents that purportedly revealed what?

Father Coughlin's view of Adolf Hitler was what?

In 1940, 17 members of Coughlin's Christian Front organization were

The phrase that led to the title of the stage play and later the movie "Inherit the Wind" comes from a verse in the Bible. IT means that someone should

The lead attorney who prosecuted the Tennessee teacher for violating state law on the teaching of evolution was

The lead attorney who defended the school teacher was

The actual newspaper that sent its famous reporter to cover the trial, symbolically represented by E.K Hornbeck in the play, was

In the end, the jury in the infamous "Monkey Trial" found the schoolteacher

In the closing scene of "Inherit The Wind", the prosecutor collapses and dies in the courtroom at the conclusion of the trial. This was

The members of the press who covered the Scopes trial showed their bias when

The Monkey Trial, or the Trial of the Century, was the first to be broadcasts on the radio. The radio station that broadcast this historical first was

Rosie the Riveter was the character that came to symbolize the American working woman in WW2 posters. It was drawn by the classic American illustrator

In 1940, some 12 million women in the US worked outside the home. Just 4 years later the number had jumped dramatically to

Before WW2, the social attitude toward a woman working outside the home was

Some publications were so committed to increasing the number of workingwomen that they advocated a policy of

One of the most effective ways that publications changed the visual image of workingwomen was to

The rise of women in the work force also had an effect on African American women because

She was famous for her photos in the 1930s Life Magazine, and also was the first woman correspondent to be accredited by the Army Air Force..She was..

The 1954 US Supreme court decision in the Brown v Board of education of Topeka case determined that

Streitmatter, as do many other historians, cite the Civil Rights Movement as

NBS correspondent John Chancellor said that with respect to the Civil Rights Movement, journalism does not initiate social change, but journalism

In the summer of 1957, African American leaders targeted Central High School for desegregation with the enrollment of nine Black students. This took place in

Central High School desegregation is regarded as the first chapter of television's epic coverage of the movement because

The most dramatic image that emerged from Central High School desegregation effort was

Charlayne Hunter Gault

The racially mixed group of college students and civil rights activists who rode buses from the North into segregated Southern communities was know as

Police Commissioner "Bull" Connor held great influence over the town considered the most segregated city in America in the early 1960s. This city was

Birmingham became the target in 1963 for what one activist hoped would be a series of supposed non-violent protests. The person was

Media images of Bull Connors use of police dogs and high pressure fire hoses to subdue protesters, many of them children, led to a reaction from the public elsewhere. They reacted by

A massive demonstration and march took place in August 1963 with some 200,000 protesters whose actions were televised by all three networks. That event took place

It was during the August 1963 march at the nations capital that MLK gave his __________ speech

Martin Luther King and his protesters crossed the Edmund Pettis Bridge in what city?

Which president signed the Civil Rights Act of 1964 into law?

The other key piece of legislation that followed the Civil Rights Act in 1965 was the

The US initial involvement in Vietnam began

In 1954, Vietnam was divided in half...the north was

In 1964, North Vietnamese patrol boats fired on US destroyers in a Vietnamese gulf location. This attack led to a Congressional action known as

By wars end after more than 10 years how many US men and women died in the war?

By wars end after more than 10 years, how many estimated SE Asians died in war?

By 1972 two out of three US citizens named which medium as their main source of news

Through 1967, most news coverage of the war was favorable. However, what event in 1968 turned the coverage into one that was more critical?

The most controversial story of the early years of the war was by Morley Safer of CBS who covered events in the village of Cam Ne. That story showed

The Viet Cong offensive during their Lunar New year holiday in 1968 was

In effect, the Viet Cong offensive during their Lunar New Year, did to US policy was

One of the most shocking and enduring images of the brutality and senselessness of the war occurred on the streets of Saigon when a North Vietnamese prisoner was arrested. Recorded for the tv during the arrest was

The man who set the tone for TV coverage after the cataclysmic New Year's offensive by the North Vietnamese was "the most trusted man in America" .... he was

Walter Cronkite's negative assessment of the war at that point led LBJ to reassess his position. What did he decide to do?

Contributing to the tone of news coverage was the report of an incident at the village of My Lai. What did news reports say?

The 1971 case that sought clarification on government prior restraint of the press occurred in the NY Times v US (403 US 713) case, otherwise known as the Pentagon Papers case. Which other publication was involved in this case?

The Pentagon Papers were actually a secret Defense Department study of questionable US policy in Vietnam by Presidents

When the newspapers began publication of the Pentagon Papers series, a federal district judge initially did what?

The case eventually ended up in the Supreme Court where the Justices voted (pentagon papers)

The person who had provided the NY Times with the original documents from the Pentagon was

One of the more embarrassing revelations about prisoner mistreatment and torture was revealed through a series of photos printed in a US magazine in July of 1970. Those photos appeared in

The prisoner enclosures that were photographed in Life Magazine in 1970, which were only 4x9 foot concrete pits, were popularly known as

The 1971 case that sought clarification on government prior restraint of the press occurred in the NY Times v US (403 US 713) case, otherwise known as the Pentagon Papers case. Which other publication was involved in this case?

The person who took the photos of the Tiger Cages was a Congressional Aide at the time, but who later became a US senator. He was

The Pentagon Papers were actually a secret Defense Department study of questionable US policy in Vietnam by Presidents

When the newspapers began publication of the Pentagon Papers series, a federal district judge initially did what?

The NY Times and what other newspaper were involved in the NY Times vs US, Pentagon Papers case?

The Pentagon Papers were a secret Defense Department study of questionable US Policy in Vietnam by Presidents

When the np's initially began publication of the Pentagon Papers series, a federal district judge initially

The case eventually ended up in the Supreme Court where the Justices voted

The person who had provided the NY Times with the original documents from the Pentagon was

Photos of prisoner mistreatment in July of 1970 were printed in what US magazine?

The prisoner enclosures photographed in Life magazine in July 1970, which were 4x9 concrete pits were called

The person who took the photos of the tiger cages in July 1970 was a congressional aide at the time, but later became a US senator was

Tiger cages were first used by

Tiger cages were being hidden from the public and press where?

Grace Paley wrote about the prison life of women incarcerated at the prison in her book published in 1998 called

When the arrests of the burglars were first made at the Watergate Hotel, the initial impression most of the press had was that this was

What offices were broken into at the Watergate hotel?

George McGovern was

The item that first tipped Bob Woodward off that this burglary might lead to bigger things was when James McCord

At the time of Watergate, current tv network commentator Pat Buchanan was

With respect to the FBI's investigation into the Watergate cases, President Nixon

The nickname of Deep Throat for Woodward's anonymous source came from

Nixon won the 1972 presidential race by

CREEP was the popular acronym used to describe what?

John Mitchell, the former attorney general who became the chairman of CREEP, controlled what?

Katherine Graham was the

J, Edgar Hoover, who served in the FBI for 46 years, was said to be more powerful than the President because

G. Gordon Liddy became so concerned about the increasing gravity of the situation surrounding the president and his men that Liddy feared that

Fred Thompson, who later went on to become an actor, asked a critical question at an investigative hearing that opened floodgates for evidence of the Watergate cover-up. What did his question reveal?

The "Rose Mary stretch" was a humorous reference to

The FBI's covert operations known as the "Black Bag Jobs" were

The "MF" notation that Bob Woodward maintained in his notes stood for

Although Woodward and editors at the Washington Post contemplated giving Felt some financial compensation for his help in the Watergate case, they decided against it because

At the height of his popularity, Rush Limbaugh, drew a national weekly audience of

How many radio stations were carrying Rush Limbaugh's program at the peak of this appeal?

Limbaugh combines news and a show business approach into a new amalgamation known as

Limbaugh's critics compared him to a previous radio personality named

Limbaugh's self proclaimed title is

In forms of his formal education, Limbaugh is

Throughout the 1970s, Limbaugh worked at 4 radio stations and was

Following his short tenure at 4 radio stations, Limbaugh held a PR job and a longer stint at radio station where he began to establish his reputation. His PR job and his return to radio took place in

By 1884, Limbaugh found success in Sacramento by virtue of his ability to use which characteristic in every issue?

After Limbaugh burst onto the national scene through the EIB network, his fans took the self proclaimed name of

The EIB acronym stands for

The CBS network tried to hire Limbaugh in 1994 as

Limbaugh's media success also extended to print with the publication of

Limbaugh's print success extended to publishing with his first book, titled

The Limbaugh forum was

Although he had broad appeal, Limbaugh's primary audience and core constituency was

With respect to the Iran-Contra investigation, Limbaugh defended the Reagan Admin by stating that no one connected with the admin had been indicted. The evidence shows:

With Clinton's Whitewater investment deal, Limbaugh said the NYT ignored the story. Actually:

With HUD public housing projects, Limbaugh said there were no budget cuts. Actually:

Limbaugh's greatest political achievement occurred in the 1994 elections when he was credited with

Although it would be criticized later, the NYT at the time of the 9/11 attacks made journalistic history by

The same year as the 7 Pulitzer Prizes were given to the NYT, the Edward R. Murrow Award was given

When np's and tv failed to provide and explanation as to why the terrorists carried out their attacks

When the mainstream media failed to fulfill its informational role, the public mostly turned to what sources?

A manifesto originally issued by Osama Bin Laden in 1998 became easily accessible on

Susan Sontag, who wrote a published essay in The New Yorker that cited the grievances against the US by Islamic extremists was

Dick Cheney went to the airwaves to make the connection between Iraq and al-Qaeda by

The news organization that challened Cheney's allegations and said no evidence of such connections existed was

In a shocking revelation in January 2004, treasury secretary Paul O'Neill said that Bush

In the wake of inadequate mainstream press explanations on the causes of the conflict, praise instead went to (9/11)