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61 Cards in this Set
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3,200 - 2,350 BCE
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Era of Sumerian dominance in Mesopotamia
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3,000 BCE - 1,000 CE
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Era of Indo-European migrations
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2,350 BCE - 1,600 BCE
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Era of Babylonian dominance in Mesopotamia
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2,334 - 2,315 BCE
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Reign of Sargon of Akkad
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1,792 - 1,750 BCE
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Reign of Hammurabi
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1,700 - 1,200 BCE
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Era of Hittite dominance in Anatolia
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1,000 - 612 BCE
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Era of Assyrian dominance in Mesopotamia
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1,000 - 970 BCE
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Reign of Israelite King David
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970 - 930 BCE
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Reign of Israelite King Solomon
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722 BCE
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Assyrian conquest of the kingdom of Israel
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605 - 562 BCE
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Reign of Nebuchadnezzar
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600 - 550 BCE
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New Babylonian empire
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586 BCE
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New Babylonian conquest of the kingdom of Judah
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The quest for order
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Mesopotamia: “the land between the rivers”
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Valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates |
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The quest for order
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Mesopotamia: “the land between the rivers”
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Little rain, so area needs irrigation (small scale by 6000 B.C.E.) |
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The quest for order
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Food supplies increase
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Human population increases |
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The quest for order
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Food supplies increase
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Migrants to the area increase--especially Semites |
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The quest for order
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Food supplies increase
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Sumer (in south) becomes population center |
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The quest for order
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First cities emerge, 4000 B.C.E.
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Between 3200 and 2350 B.C.E., they evolved into city-states (control of surrounding region) |
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The quest for order
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First cities emerge, 4000 B.C.E.
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Government sponsor building projects and irrigation |
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The quest for order
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First cities emerge, 4000 B.C.E.
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Attacks by others led to wall building and military development |
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The quest for order
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First cities emerge, 4000 B.C.E.
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Kingships evolved with cooperation of noble families |
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The quest for order: The course of empire
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Sargon of Akkad (2370-2315 B.C.E.)
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Coup against king of Kish (east of Babylon) |
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The quest for order: The course of empire
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Sargon of Akkad (2370-2315 B.C.E.)
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Seizes trade routes and natural resources |
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The quest for order: The course of empire
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Sargon of Akkad (2370-2315 B.C.E.)
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Gradually empire weakens and collapses about 2000 B.C.E. |
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The quest for order: The course of empire
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Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C.E.)
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Centralizes the bureaucracy and regulates taxation |
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The quest for order: The course of empire
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Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C.E.)
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Capital is Babylon |
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The quest for order: The course of empire
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Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C.E.)
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Law Code: law of retribution and importance of social status |
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The quest for order: The course of empire
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Hammurabi (1792-1750 B.C.E.)
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Hittite assault and empire crumbles in 1595 B.C.E. |
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The quest for order: The later Mesopotamian empires
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Assyrians (northern Mesopotamia), about 1300-612 B.C.E.
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Cities: Assur and Ninevah |
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The quest for order: The later Mesopotamian empires
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Assyrians (northern Mesopotamia), about 1300-612 B.C.E.
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Powerful army: professional officers (merit), chariots, archers, iron weapons |
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The quest for order: The later Mesopotamian empires
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Assyrians (northern Mesopotamia), about 1300-612 B.C.E.
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Unpopular rule leads to rebellions; ends 612 B.C.E. |
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The quest for order
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New Babylon empire, 600-550 B.C.E.
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Nebuchadnezzar (605-562 B.C.E.) |
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The quest for order
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New Babylon empire, 600-550 B.C.E.
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Hanging gardens of palace shows wealth and luxury |
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The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions
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Economic specialization and trade
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Bronze (made from copper and tin); used in weapons and later agricultural tools |
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The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions
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Economic specialization and trade
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Iron (about 1000 B.C.E), cheaper and more widely available; used in weapons and tools |
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The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions
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Economic specialization and trade
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Wheel (about 3500 B.C.E.) helps trade; carts can carry more goods further |
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The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions
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Economic specialization and trade
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Shipbuilding; maritime trade increases in all directions; network develops |
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The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions: The emergence of a stratified patriarchal society
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Social classes
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Cities: more opportunities to accumulate wealth |
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The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions: The emergence of a stratified patriarchal society
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Social classes
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Kings (hereditary) and nobles (royal families and supporters) are highest class |
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The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions: The emergence of a stratified patriarchal society
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Social classes
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Priests and priestesses rule temple communities with large income and staff |
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The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions: The emergence of a stratified patriarchal society
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Social classes
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Free commoners (peasants), dependent clients ) no property); pay taxes and labor on building projects |
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The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions: The emergence of a stratified patriarchal society
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Social classes
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Slaves (POWs, criminals, debt servitude): mostly domestic servants |
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The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions: The emergence of a stratified patriarchal society
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Patriarchy
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Hammurabi’s code: men are head of the household |
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The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions: The emergence of a stratified patriarchal society
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Patriarchy
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Women get fewer rights after 2000 B.C.E.; by 1500 B.C.E. are wearing veils |
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The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions: The development of written cultural traditions
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Cuneiform, Mesopotamian writing style, becomes standard
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Reed stylus (wedge-shaped) pressed in clay then baked |
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The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions: The development of written cultural traditions
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Cuneiform, Mesopotamian writing style, becomes standard
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Mostly commercial and tax documents |
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The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions: The development of written cultural traditions
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Education: vocational to be scribe or government official
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The formation of a complex society and sophisticated cultural traditions: The development of written cultural traditions
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Literature: astronomy, mathematics, abstract (religious and literary like Gilgamesh)
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The broader influence of mesopotamian society: Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews
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Early Hebrews are pastoral nomads between Mesopotamia and Egypt (second millennium B.C.E.)
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Settle in some cities |
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The broader influence of mesopotamian society: Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews
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Early Hebrews are pastoral nomads between Mesopotamia and Egypt (second millennium B.C.E.)
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Abraham leads group to Palestine 1850 B.C.E |
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The broader influence of mesopotamian society: Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews
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Early Hebrews are pastoral nomads between Mesopotamia and Egypt (second millennium B.C.E.)
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Descendents borrow law of retribution and flood story from Mesopotamia |
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The broader influence of mesopotamian society: Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews
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Some migrate to Egypt in eighteenth century B.C.E. then back to Palestine with Moses
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Twelve tribes become Israelites |
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The broader influence of mesopotamian society: Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews
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Some migrate to Egypt in eighteenth century B.C.E. then back to Palestine with Moses
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Mesopotamian-style monarchs with Jerusalem as capital |
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The broader influence of mesopotamian society: Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews
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Some migrate to Egypt in eighteenth century B.C.E. then back to Palestine with Moses
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David (1000-970 B.C.E.) then Solomon (970-930 B.C.E.) |
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The broader influence of mesopotamian society: Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews
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Moses and Monotheism
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Ten Commandments: moral and ethical standards for followers |
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The broader influence of mesopotamian society: Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews
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Moses and Monotheism
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Compilation of teachings into Torah (1000-400 B.C.E.) |
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The broader influence of mesopotamian society:
Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews |
Assyrians conquer
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Conquer Israel in north and Judah in south and destroy Jerusalem |
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The broader influence of mesopotamian society:
Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews |
Assyrians conquer
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Deportees return to Judah; become known as Jews (586 B.C.E.) |
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The broader influence of mesopotamian society:
Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews |
Assyrians conquer
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Prophets in this period increase devotion of people |
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The broader influence of mesopotamian society:
Hebrews, Israelites, and Jews |
Assyrians conquer
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Build distinct Jewish community in Judea with strong group identity |
