History Test

Late 1700s...Haitian general led slave uprising to revolt against British, Spanish, and eventually Napoleon...Earned the Haitians political rights as slave rights were established.

Invented by Richard Arkwright

Steam Engine, easier transportation and energy

Jeremy Bentham, also felt that machines were beneficial to the majority of people, and thus was the best

Engels argues that Industrial Revolution made workers worse off

population outgrow food supply

science and progress hurt mankind...mankind naturally good...believed in power of nature, emotion, and individualism

German- Painted Chalk Cliffs of Rugen

French - Painted the Lion Hunt

Essay by Jean Jacques Rousseau...new constitution of Poland...wants small states because large states often fall into anarchy

Intellectual movement in Russia...did not want liberal Western ideas...wanted their own traditions...rejected individualism and industrialization

Late 18th century...Leads rebellion in Latin America against the whites...was upset about the living conditions that the natives and slaves had to live under...rebellion was failure but led to tensions between penninsulars and creoles

Native Priest, took a mob of angry people and formed a great force...he wanted to abolish slavery, eliminate special privledges of Church...wanted to divide up farm land..declared Mexico a sovereign power and as a country with its own identity

Latin American who studied enlightenment...used a lot of reason...wanted to expel Spain completely...necessary to install dictators in several occasions where civilians did not know how to handle power

By Edmond Burke...monarchies worked...certain people born to rule...no monarch = chaos...do not allow selfish interests to come ahead of the community

had to meet halfway...limited voting to wealthy...eliminated press/newspapers b/c they were threats to throne

Germany limits the freedom of speech of professors and students at universities..did not want them teaching Liberal ideas

French statesmen, wants to restrict voting rights to the wealthy, a strong conservative, bourgeoisie did not like

Proposed that the government run places that can help the poor earning a living for their family. Problem was that unemployment was off the charts, and thus for the government to try to help the poor, it drained the treasury of France as they were trying to help as many as possible

1848- Government could no longer afford the workshops, and thus they closed them. The people that depended on these workshops became upset, and for 4 days there was conflict between the poor and the army of France. Massive chaos over what the new republic should look like.

Wins election as a result of people wanting to glorify the old vision of France with Napoleon. Thus the liberals lose their elected official, and Charles puts away the constitution and established himself as the dictator of France once again.

focuses on being realistic...must be flexible and absorb what you need to absorb in order for things to work. New philosophy is going to be dominated by conservatives. Want to make sure that power remains in the hands of those that are capable of wielding it. Willing to have certain elements of liberalism so long as it keeps people happy

Prussian minister that used realpolitik to reach his goal of reaching a united nationalistic Germany. Argued that only the strong survive, thus he wanted to keep the conservatives in power and the liberals out of power. Use liberal means to achieve a conservative ending. Brings Kaiser Wilhelm to emperor position in order to unify the principalities

While the princes were busy dealing with revolutions, the liberals met at Frankfurt Parliament in order to discuss new constitutional ideas. Failed from the get go because they were constantly concerned about policies about their economic needs and safety, and due to the fact that they had no power, and the princes did not want to give up their power. Lost support of the working poor.

Without a leader, Germany was able to march into Paris without position and decisively end the Franco-Prussian war. They were able to capture Napoleon III

After the quick defeat of France, and the Siege of Paris, The King of Prussia arrives at Versailles and Wilhelm is crowned Emperor of Germany.

Creates the “Empire State.” Able to grow cash crops that could be sold at markets that could then be sold across the sees to Europe. Canals allow farms to be linked to markets, helps develop upstate New York.

Goal was to limit the immigration of Catholics and specifically the Irish Catholics. Felt that Catholic immigrants were being sent over by the Pope to vote and to take over our country. Wanted reforms on naturalization period, and wanted qualifications for leaders…must be protestants. Anti-catholic education reform

James Townsend sends amendment for Missouri to be a state of slavery in return for Maine being admitted as a free state. Establishes a line of latitude at 36:30 in the Louisiana Territory

John Calhoun and others....Slavery was not a necessary evil but instead a positive good.

Reached to agree on land that was acquired in the war of 1846. Allows congress to avoid dealing with the issue head on
1) California is admitted as a free state 2)Utah, and New Mexico were made slave states by popular sovereignty 3) Fugitive laws were strengthened in that you must turn in escaping slaves 4)abolished slavery in Washington DC

Gave a speech attacking the people behind the Kansas-Nebraska Act, which led to the insult of Preston Brooks from the South. Brooks felt that Sumner was speaking disrespectfully, and thus attacked Sumner with his cane. This showed how barbaric the South was to the north, while the South felt that Brooks was a hero.

Leads a group of abolitionists, and starts a massacre as a result of pro-slavery men making moves to get their way. Begins killing pro-slavery men and becomes a hero for the north. Later led an attack on Harper’s Ferry in order to take weapons away in an attempt to spur tension that would help abolish slavery

Atlanta, Georgia...used total war tactics

developed new steel development technique...Bessemer process

purple dye...chemical engineering...Germans take over synthetic dye...opens door to medicine and TNT

initiates public health law, agricultural improvements laws, sewer system

House need running water and drainage

Re-designed city of Paris...new buildings..rail lines.. place for leisure... enjoyable for middle class

completed by French in order to link the Mediterranean to the Indian Ocean...eliminates time and money to travel to India.

Led a revolt against Egypt which prompted Britain to send more troops to the Suez Canal to stop the violence. The result is that Egypt makes British a protectorate state, which gives them a lot more influence in the Suez Canal

wants full control of Africa...Foudned De Beers diamond company..hired missionary to fool Chief Lobengula

Chief of tribe that signed over land and people to Cecil Rhodes through a deceptive contract. He went to the Queen of England to complain but she did not care at all. Exemplifies how people of Africa were truly victims to the imperialists rather than how they viewed themselves as philanthropists

British soldiers and their native allies were outnumbered by the native people, yet they were still able to demolish their opponent completely.

Comes from the bark of a tree, using chemical engineering, they were able to synthetically produce mass amounts to save armies from diseases. Enabled imperialism to spread further and more effectively

justified imperialism....human progress...The take-over of races and cultures is necessary to create the stepping stones of human advancement...spread influence or someone else will

Rudyard Kipling...justified imperialism because...Europeans trying to help Africans get rich

argued for economic gains of keeping Puerto Rico, Guam, and Philippines...white man burden

standoff between France and England...almost led to war in Africa... France backed down.

HMS Dreadnought...biggest strongest, most effective naval ship of time...launched by England.

Bismark created this alliance because he did not want to have to fight a two front war if one broke out...made pack with Austria and Russia

Dreikaiserbond broken up...Germany sought new alliance with Austria/Hungary, and Italy...this was opposite of the Triple Entente which was Gb, France, and Russia

Secret military society of Serbia, Had a desire for Pan-Slavic kingdom to be centered around independent Serbia, rather than being ruled by Austria. Wanted to be an independent Slavic kingdom

Assassinated by the Black Hand, and allows for Austria to use this assassination to their advantage in order to humiliate Serbia even though their government had nothing to do with the assassination. Thus Austria consults Germany and they give an ultimatum to Serbia, but the Serbians do not oblige and they get Russia to back them up.

Plan by Bismark that it would take Russia 6-8 weeks to mobilize and get troops fighting front....throw everything at France...once done with France they could proceed to Russia...allow them to avoid two front war

Germans initiate Schlieffen Plan...storm through Belgium and towards Paris...French miraculously stop Germany

Plan for the British was to concentrate a huge amount of military fire power at one small area of the German line, and then push into their trenches, but what actually happened was that the Germans had dug their trenches so deep, that the shells did not penetrate...British troops demolished

Sinking of this luxury liner was the catalyst to get America involved in war...tips balance of power towards the Allies...Germans seek armistice as they are overwhelmed