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21 Cards in this Set

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Which hormones are important for the regulation of glucose?
estrogen, progesterone, DHEA, thyroid
Things that increase insulin?
high carb diet; increased stress; decreased estrogens; increased testosterone; insomnia; increased DHEA; decreased thyroid hormone; excessive progesterone; lack of exercise
Which hormone helps improve the bodies responsiveness to insulin?
Estradiol (E2)
Higher insulin levels are associated with higher__ and lower ___ levels in women.
testosterone, estrogen
Elevated Insulin levels can decrease the synthesis of ____. This is due to insulin's affect on an adrenal enzyme, ____.
DHEA- the hormone that makes other sex hormones;
17,20-lyase, that makes DHEA
____ increases your ratio of fat to muscle. Consequently, an increase in ____ decreases fat burning.
Insulin
A recent study revealed that women who have ____, HRT reduced the incidence of diabetes by 35%.
heart disease
What were the results of the study by the Women's Health Inititative on estrogen and progestin?
Terminated 3 years early b/c of increased risk of breast cancer; INCREASED rates of stroke, blood clots, breast cancer, heart disease, colorectal cancer and DECREASE in hip frx and total frx
How does insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia affect testosterone and DHEA?
Insulin INC activity of 17,20-lyase which converts more DHEA to cortisol & testosterone, which encourages obesity. So INC testosteron and DEC DHEA
Hormones that regulate growth and repair?
insulin, GH, Test, Est, DHEA
A LOW progesterone to estrogen ratio can cause:
infertility, abnormal bleeding in peri and postmenopause, INC risk of breast cancer, INC risk of uterine cancer
A HIGH progesterone to estrogen ratio can cause:
insulin resistance/diabetes, depression, fatigue, DEC in sex
Is there an INC risk of cancer if you take HRT?
90% of women who develop breast cancer have never taken any kind of HRT
Causes of estrogen excess?
taking too much estrogen, impaired estrogen elimination, lack of exercise, diet low in grains and fiber, environmental estrogens, INC 16-hydroxyestone metabolism
What is the half-life of estradiol compared to equilin?
estradiol is eliminated in a few hours, whereas equilin can stay in the body for up to 13 weeks. it is not known where the "excess" estrogen ends up
What is in Premarin?
estrogens, equilin, equilenin & additives that are synthetic
The potency of synthetic estrogen is about ____ times that of natural estradiol.
200
What are the 3 main estrogens?
E1- estrone
E2- estradiol
E3- estriol
What is Estrone?
E1- the main estrogen your body makes postmenopausally; High levels stimulate breast and uterine tissue; INC risk of breast and uterine cancer
Before menopause ____ is made by ovaries, adrenal glands, & fat cells. Pre-menopausally, it is converted to ____ in your ovaries.
estrone, estradiol
Postmenopausally, little ____ becomes ____ since your ovaries stop working. ____ in later years is then made in your fat cells & to a lesser degree in your liver & adrenal glands. The more body fat you have the more ____ you make. Obese women have an increased _____ to _____ ratio.
estrone, estradiol, estrone, estrone, estrone, estradiol