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97 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Means by which O2 and food is carried to the cells, and also where Co2 and wastes are carried away from cells?
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The Circulatory System
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Major structure of the Circulatory system?
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The Heart
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4 chambered, hollow, muscular organ?
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The Heart (Physiology)
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Fluid sac surrounding the Heart?
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Pericardium
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3 layers of the Heart?
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Epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
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Outer layer of the heart?
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Epicardium
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Middle layer of the Heart?
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Myocardium
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Inner layer of the Heart?
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Endocardium
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Upper chambers of the Heart?
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Atria
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Lower chambers of the Heart?
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Ventricles
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Seperates right and left sides of the Heart?
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Septum
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Proper name for valves?
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(AV) Atrioventricular Valves
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O2 poor blood is returned via both the superior and inferior vena cavae and pumped into the right ventricle, by?
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Right Atrium
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Atrioventricular Valve between right chambers?
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Tricuspid
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What receives blood from the right atrium and pumps it through the pulmonary artery to the lungs for Gas Exchange?
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Right Ventricle
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What receives O2 rich blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins and sends it to the left ventricle?
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Left Atrium
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Atrioventricular Valve between left chambers?
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Bicuspid
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What receives blood from the left atrium and pumps it into the Aorta? It also has the thickest walls (3x as thick as others), due to force exerted to make sure all body parts get enough blood.
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Left Ventricle
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Another name for right AV valve?
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Tricuspid Valve
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Another name for left AV valve?
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Bicuspid Valve
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What valves close so blood doesn't flow backwards into the Heart?
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Semilunar Valve
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What valves owe their name to looking like 3 half moon cusps?
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Semilunar Valve
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How many cusps do each have?
Tricuspid? Bicuspid? Semilunar? |
Tricuspid- 3 cusps
Bicuspid- 2 cusps Semilunar- 3 cusps |
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Septum that separates the right chambers from the left ones?
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Interatrial Septum
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Septum that separates the upper chambers from the lower ones?
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Interventricular Septum
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The Heart receives its nourishment through what?
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The coronary arteries
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What causes a heart attack?
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Prolonged blockage of the coronary arteries
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One complete contraction and relaxation of the heart is called what?
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The Cardiac Cycle
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One complete contraction and relaxation of the heart takes how long?
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It takes 0.8 seconds
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The contracting phase of the cardiac cycle?
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Systole
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The relaxing phase of the cardiac cycle?
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Diastole
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The sinotrial node (SA node) is also called what?
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The pacemaker of the heart.
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How is the cardiac cycle recorded?
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An electrocardiogram
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What measures the force of the blood on the walls of blood vessels?
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Blood Pressure
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Tool used in testing blood pressure?
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Sphygmomanometer
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Pressure in the arteries during contraction of the ventricles, is...?
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Systolic pressure
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Pressure in the arteries during relaxation of the ventricles, is...?
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Diastolic Pressure
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Good blood pressure?
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120/80
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What is the process of carrying blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for gas exchange and returns it to the left atrium?
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Pulmonary Circulation
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Which circulation carries blood to the rest of the body from the left ventricle and back to the right atrium?
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Systemic Circulation
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The 3 types of blood vessels?
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Arteries, veins and capillaries
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Blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart?
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Arteries
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Blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart?
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Veins
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Blood vessels that connect the arterioles to the venules, forming a bridge between the arterial and venous circulation?
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Capillaries
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The smallest arteries?
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Arterioles
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The smallest veins?
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Venules
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Largest veins in the body?
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Superior and Inferior Vena Cavae
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Longest veins in the body?
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The great saphenous veins, in the leg
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Largest artery in the body?
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The aorta
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The 3 layers of a blood vessel?
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Tunica adventitia, Tunica media and the Tunica intima
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The Outer layer of a blood vessel?
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Tunica adventitia
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The middle layer of a blood vessel?
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Tunica media
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The inner layer of a blood vessel?
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Tunica intima
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The internal space of a blood vessel, where the blood flows...?
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The Lumen
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What keeps the blood flowing in only 1 direction?
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Valves
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General area where we will draw blood?
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Antecubital fossa
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The 3 main veins in the antecubital fossa that we draw from?
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The median cubital, cephalic and basilic veins
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Referred to as "The river of life"
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Blood (Analogy)
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The 2 components of blood?
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Plasma and formed elements
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The fluid portion of blood?
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Plasma
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The cellular portion of blood?
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Formed elements
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Clinical name of red blood cells?
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Erythrocytes
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Some contents of Plasma? (4/6)
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Gases, minerals, nutrients, proteins, waste materials & other substances (vitamins, hormones & drugs)
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The 2 parts to Formed Elements?
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Erythrocytes and Leukocytes
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Clinical name for white blood cells?
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Leukocytes
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Where are red blood cells formed?
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In the bone marrow
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Where are white blood cells formed?
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In the bone marrow and lymphatic tissue
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Immature red blood cells are called...?
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Reticulocytes
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Slang for Reticulocytes?
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Reticks
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How long do RBCs survive?
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120 days
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What fights infections?
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White blood cells/leukocytes
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WBCs containing granules are..?
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Granulocytes
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WBCs not containing granules are..?
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Agranulocytes
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3 types of granulocytes?
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Neutrophils, eosinophils & basophils
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2 types of agranulocytes?
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Monocytes & lymphocytes
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They destroy pathogens by surrounding and engulfing...?
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Neutrophils
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They ingest & detoxify foreign protein, help turn off immune reactions & increase with allergies or ringworm?
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Eosinophils
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They release histamine & heprin which enhance the inflammatory response?
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Basophils
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A typical neutrophil is a...?
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Polymorphonuclear
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Poly's or Seg's are slang for what?
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A Polymorphonuclear Neutrophil
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They also destroy pathogens by surrounding & engulfing and are the 1st line of defense in the inflammatory process...
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Monocytes
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The 2 kinds of Lymphocytes?
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T & B lymphocytes
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T lymphocytes do what?
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Directly attack infected cells
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B lymphocytes do what?
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Rise to plasma that produce antibodies that are then released into the blood stream to circulate and attack foreign cells
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Clinical name for platelets?
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Thrombocytes
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The 2 systems for typing blood?
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The ABO blood group system and the RH blood group system
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the 4 blood types?
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Types A, B, AB & O
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Which type has both antibodies?
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Type AB
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Which has neither A nor B antigens?
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Type O
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The RH factor is also called what?
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The D antigen.
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If the RBC's have the D antigen, how is that shown in the typing?
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As a positive, (As in: O+)
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What are the 3 types of blood specimens?
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Serum, plasma & whole blood
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Which specimen checks the clotting behavior of a patients blood?
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Serum
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Which specimen will not clot due to an anticoagulant in the tube?
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Plasma
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Which specimen is used to test all aspects of blood?
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Whole blood
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It's the process that the body uses to stop blood from leaking from the vascular system.
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Hemostasis
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In Hemostasis, what are the 4 stages?
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Vasoconstriction, platelet plugs (platelet adhesion), fibrin clot formation (clotting) & fibrinolysis (Production of anticoagulants)
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