• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Front

How to study your flashcards.

Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key

Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key

H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key

image

PLAY BUTTON

image

PLAY BUTTON

image

Progress

1/22

Click to flip

Card Range To Study

through

22 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
  • 3rd side (hint)
Urinary System
includes kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra

 Functions :
• a) rid body of metabolic(nitrogenous) waste
• b) maintains body pH balance
• c) maintains body’s osmolarity
• d) maintain body’s hydration states
• e) maintain proper blood pressure
Digestive System
 The alimentary canal(GI Tract) consists of mouth ->pharynx -> esophagus -> stomach -> small intestine -> rectum -> anus. Tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, are accessory structures
includes GI Tract and accessory organs. This system process(mechanically, chemically) food into nutrient molecules to be absorbed into bloodstream; undigested remains eliminated
Nervous System
Can be divided into central nervous system(brain, spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system(autonomic, somatic branches)
quick acting communication system allowing body to detect changes in internal and external environments, integrate that info, and make proper responses to maintain homeostasis. In humans, also location of higher functions such as thought, memory, consciousness, creativity. Comprised of neurons and neuroglia.
Integumentary System
skin and associated structures hair, nails, oil and sweat glands.
Serves as protective barrier from external environment, detects changes in external environment, participates in thermoregulation
Muscular System
principal features are excitability and contractility, enabling stimulation and force production.
When attached to bones allows limb movement, mobility of organism, and ventilation. Enables circulation of blood throughout body, and controls internal organs(glands, arteries, bladder) Also important in thermoregulation
Urinary System
includes kidneys, ureter, bladder, urethra

 Functions :
• a) rid body of metabolic(nitrogenous) waste
• b) maintains body pH balance
• c) maintains body’s osmolarity
• d) maintain body’s hydration states
• e) maintain proper blood pressure
Digestive System
 The alimentary canal(GI Tract) consists of mouth ->pharynx -> esophagus -> stomach -> small intestine -> rectum -> anus. Tongue, teeth, salivary glands, liver, gall bladder, pancreas, are accessory structures
includes GI Tract and accessory organs. This system process(mechanically, chemically) food into nutrient molecules to be absorbed into bloodstream; undigested remains eliminated
Nervous System
Can be divided into central nervous system(brain, spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system(autonomic, somatic branches)
quick acting communication system allowing body to detect changes in internal and external environments, integrate that info, and make proper responses to maintain homeostasis. In humans, also location of higher functions such as thought, memory, consciousness, creativity. Comprised of neurons and neuroglia.
Integumentary System
skin and associated structures hair, nails, oil and sweat glands.
Serves as protective barrier from external environment, detects changes in external environment, participates in thermoregulation
Muscular System
principal features are excitability and contractility, enabling stimulation and force production.
When attached to bones allows limb movement, mobility of organism, and ventilation. Enables circulation of blood throughout body, and controls internal organs(glands, arteries, bladder) Also important in thermoregulation
Skeletal System
consists of bones, cartilage, ligaments and tendons. Makes up 20% of weight of human body, and its metabolically active
• a) support and protect soft internal organs
• b) support against force of gravity
• c) act as levers allowing movement of organism
• d) storage site for calcium
Homeostasis
condition of dynamic equilibrium within the body, maintained by numerous regulatory systems that compensate for internal or external changes
Epithelial Tissue

((Specialized Cells and Tissues))
specialized for selective secretion and absorption of ions and organic molecules, as well as for protection.
Epithelial tissue can be simple (single layer of epithelial cells) or stratified (multiple layers)
A) Simple Cells/Tissues
single layer of cells, can be further subdivided into
Simple Epithelial Tissue– single layer of cells

• 1) Squamous
flattened cells, line alveoli and blood vessels, allow exchange of gases and nutrients
Simple Epithelial Tissue– single layer of cells

• 2) Cuboidal
cube shaped cells, found in glands(salivary, endocrine) as well as ovaries, pancreas, renal tubes. Allow absorption and active transport(rich in mitochondria)
Simple Epithelial Tissue– single layer of cells

• 3) Columnar
rectangular columns, found in lining of digestive tract(contain microvilli to increase surface area, enhancing absorption during digestion), and in female’s oviducts(contain cilia to move egg towards uterus)
Simple Epithelial Tissue– single layer of cells

• 4) Pseudostratified
only appears to have multiple layers of cells, but not in reality since each cell contacts basement membrane. Found in lining of trachea, these cells are ciliated columnar, covered with secreted coating of mucus which traps foreign particles and upward motion of cilia carries mucus to throat
B) Stratified Cells/Tissues
multiple layers of epithelial cells, only bottom one contacts basement membrane. Nose, mouth, esophagus, and canal, ceria, vagina, and epidermis lined by stratified squamous epithelial tissue.
Specialized to form barrier to protect from microorganisms. Also see stratified cubodial (sweat glands, male urethra), and stratified columnar tissue(membranes of whites of eyes), but these types are rare
Connective Tissue

((Specialized Cells and Tissues))
several different types of connective tissue, but each has 3 components: specialized cells, ground substance, and protein fibers (collagen, reticular, elastic)
There are 2 general types of connective tissue
Connective Tissue

o 1) Dense
tightly packed collagen fibers, commonly found in tendons and ligaments
Connective Tissue

o 2) Loose
loose network of collagen and elastic fibers, because it allows expansion and returns to normal size, this type found in many internal organs, lungs, arteries, urinary bladder, Also forms protective covering around muscles, blood vessels, and nerves
*Adipose tissue us form of base connective tissue (adipocytes expand as they store triglycerides) stored fat used for energy, insulation, and organ protection