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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are structural characteristics of bacterial chromosomes?
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Single circular chromosome
No histone proteins Folded into "nucleoid" structure attached to cell envelope |
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What does DNA gyrase do?
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A topoosomerase that puts negative supertwists in closed, circular DNA molecules
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What is the main mechanism of fluroquinolones?
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Bind to DNA gyrase and prevents the closure of nicks which results in fragemented bacterial DNA
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What are examples of fluroquinolones?
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Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin |
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What do rifamycins do?
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Binds to RNAP and block the initiation of transcription
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What is an operon?
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A transcriptional unit that consists of two or more contiguous genes transcribed from the same promoter to produce a polygenic mRNA
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What do aminoglycosides do and what are some examples of these?
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Irreversibly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit and distort translation
Streptomycin |
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What does tetracycline do?
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Reversibly binds the 30S ribosomal subunit and block tRNA binding
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What does chloramphenicol do?
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Reversibly binds the 50S ribosomal subunit and blocks transpeptidation
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What does clindamycin do?
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Reversibly binds the 50S ribosomal subunit and blocks transpeptidation
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What do macrolides do and what is an example of this?
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Reversibly bind the 50S ribosomal subunit blocking the emergence of the new polypeptide
Erythromycin |
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What does linezolid do?
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Competitive inhibition of peptidyl transferase in the ribosomal 50S subunit
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What do streptogramins do?
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Reversibly bind the 50S subunit
- Type A: Inhibit peptidyl transferase - Type B: Block emergence of new polypeptide |
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What are the two ways in which bacteria respond to changes in their environment?
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1. Immediate: Altered intermediary metabolism
2. Gene expression |
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What is transcriptional repression?
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Negative control of the initiation of transcription via repressor proteins
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What is quorum sensing?
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The activation of virulence genes when bacteria sense each other and secrete autoinducers
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