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38 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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what are the 2 most common causes of non-gonococcal urethritis (NGU)?
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chlamydia trachomitis
ureaplasma urealyticum |
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What are the diseases caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?
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1.Trachoma: chronic conjunctivitis
2.Inclusion Conjuntivitis (birth canal) 3. Infant Pneumonia 4. Urethritis 5. PID 6. Epididymis 7. Lymphogranuloma Venereum 8. Reiter's and Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndromes |
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What is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the US?
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Chlamydia trachomatis
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A patient has a painful genital ulcer. What is the differential diagnosis?
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1. Syphilis (Treponema pallidum): not painful; bilat adenopath
2. Herpes(HSV1or2): start as vesicles 3. Lymphogranuloma venerum (Chlamydia trachomatis): ulcer dissappears before adenopath 4. Chancroid (Hemophilus ducreyi): ulcer present during unilat adenopath 5. Granuloma inguinale (Klebsiella granulomatis): southeast asia |
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What Chlamydial species is associated with transmission from birds?
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Chlamydia psittaci
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What is the most common form of neonatal conjuctivitis?
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Inclusion conjuntivitis (C trachomatis from birth canal)
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How do you diagnose a Chlamydia trachomatis infection?
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1. NAAT - nucleic acid amplification test
2. Cell culture in chick embryo or cell line(medicolegal) 3. Direct Immunofluorescence of Elementary Bodies |
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How can you visualize Chlamydia trachomatis?
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GIEMSA STAIN: Basophilic intra-cytoplasmic inclusion bodies
LUGOL's IODINE: brown clumps of EBs |
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What causes Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome?
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Fitz-Hugh-Curtis: infection of liver capsule
1. Chlamydia trachomatis 2. Niesseria gonorrhea |
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How do you treat gonococcal or Chlamydia infections
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1. IM ceftriaxone(3rd gen ceph) for Neisseria
2. 7 days doxycycline or 1 day azithromycin for C. trachomatis don't use penicillins because resitance in N. gonorrhea. |
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What are the major virulence factors for N. gonorrhea?
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1. Pili: adherance; antigenic and phase variation
2. Opa proteins: adherance and invasion; make colonies opaque; antigenic variation 3. LOS (lipo-oligosacchar): LPS without O side chain; toxin that kills ciliated cells 4. IgAase: escape opsonization and phago 5. Porins: invasion and destruction of epithelium |
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What kind of media is used to determine the presence of N. gonorrhea?
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Thayer-Martin VCN media.
1. Vancomycin kills gram + 2. Colistin kills other gram - 3. Nystatin kills fungi N. gono needs CO2 and absence of fatty acids and salts Grows well on chocolate agar but this media is not selective |
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How do you visualize spirochetes?
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Dark field or immunofluorescence.
Too thin to be seen by light-field. |
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How do you culture Treponema?
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Trick effing question silly. you can't culture these rat bastards.
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What is special about spirochete fission?
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It occures in a transverse (not binary) plane.
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How do you differentiate between N. gonorrhea and N. meningitides?
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N. meningitides ferments maltose. N. gono does not.
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Other than syphilis, what diseases do subspecies of T. pallidum cause?
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1. Bejel/Endemic syphilis: desert areas
2. Yaws: tropical environments 3. Pinta: latin america, limited to skin |
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What is the standard therapy for active TB infection?
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6 months:
Isoniazid (inhib mycolic acid synth) Rifampin (inhib RNA synth via DNA-dep RNA poly) 2 months: Ethambutol (inhib arabinosyltransferase) Pyrazinamide (unknown MOA) |
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What are the goals of TB control?
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1. Tx active infections to prevent death and transmission.
2. Tx contacts of active infection to prevent disease and transmission. 3. Tx latent infection in high-risk indiv to prevent disease 4. Use BCG to prevent disseminated disease in children. |
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What are the other Mycobacteria (other than M. tuberculosis) and what are the diseases they cause?
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1. M. avium-intracellulare: dissem disease w/AIDS pts; pulm disease in immunocomp
2. M. abscessus: pulm and cutaneous disease; harder to Tx than XDR TB 3. M. kansasii: sim to TB, easier to treat 4. M. ulcerans: Buruli ulcer 5. M. leprae: lepromatous or tuburculoid leprosy |
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What protein products are associated with the ability of M. tuberculosis to survive within phagocytic cells?
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1. PIM: allows for fusion of nutrient-rich endosomes with phagosome
2. ManLAM: prevents maturation of phagosome 3. SapM: cleaves late endosomal marker PI3P in phagosomal membrane - prevents fusion with lysosomes |
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Why can't N. gonorrhea grow on blood agar?
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Fatty acids are toxic.
In choco agar the fatty acids are denatured. |
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What bacteria have mycolic acid in their cell wall?
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Mycobacterium
Corynebacterium Nocardia |
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What causes Q fever?
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Coxiella burneti: grows in cattle ticks, deposited in tick feces, inhaled by humans
NO ARTHROPOD VECTOR |
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What causes trench fever?
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Bartonella quintana
vector: human body body louse and feces |
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What causes Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever?
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Rickettsiae rickettsii
Vector: wood tick Reservoir: wild mammals, birds, ticks |
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What causes epidemic typhus?
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Rickettsia prowazekii
vector: human body louse and squirrel fleas reservoir: humans, flying squirrels in US common during war |
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What causes scrub typhus?
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Orienta tsutsugamushi
vector: larval mites (chiggers) |
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What causes Brill's disease?
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Re-emergence of previous epidemic typhus disease.
Rickettsia prowazekii Vector: likely human body louse *Brill's can start a new epidemic of typhus. |
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What causes endemic (aka "murine") typhus?
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Rickettsia typhii
Vector: feces from rat fleas Reservoir: rats |
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What diseases does Ehrlichia cause?
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Human Monocytotrophic Ehrlichiosis: infects monocytes and macrophages
Vector: hard tick Reservoir: deer E. chaffeensis and ewingii |
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What disease does Anaplasma cause?
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Human anaplasmosis: infects circulating neutrophils; less severe than HME
Vector: ixodes tick (same as lyme disease) |
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What is the major difference between Ehrlichia and Rickettsia/Orienta?
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Rickettsia infects vascular endothelial cells.
Ehrlichia and Anaplasma infect phagocytic cells (monocytes and neutrophils respectively) |
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What is the major difference between Bartonella spp and Rickettsia?
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It is a FACULTATIVE, not obligate intracellular bacteria.
Capable of extracellular growth. |
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What is the major metabolic difference between Chlamydia spp and Rickettsia spp?
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Chlamydia does not have the ability to make its own ATP.
Rickettsia has TCA cycle enzymes and can utilize oxidative phosphorylation. |
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What causes oroya fever (aka verruga peruana)?
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Bartonella bacilliformis
Vector: sandflies in Andes |
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What causes Catch Scratch Disease?
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Bartonella henselae
Vector: fleas of cats |
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What causes Bacillary angiomatosis-peliosis?
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Bartonella henselae (angio & pelio) and quintana (just angio)
Disease of immunocompromised - esp AIDS patients Angiomatosis: resembles lesions of kaposi sarcoma Peliosis hepatitis: lesions on liver and spleen |
