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80 Cards in this Set
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- Back
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Class: Emtricitabine
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NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
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Class: Abacavir
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NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
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Class: Didanosine
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NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
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Class: Stavudine
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NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
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Class: Lamivudine
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NRTI (nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor)
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MOA: NRTI
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Competes with natural substrates, inhibiting viral replication (lacks 3'OH group, terminating chain elongation)
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SE: NRTI
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Lactic Acidosis
Lipodystrophy Hepatotoxicity Hepatic steatosis |
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Abacavir specific SE
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Hypersensitivity reaction
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Didanosine specific SE
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GI intolerance
Pancreatitis Peripheral nephropathy |
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Stavudine specific SE
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Peripheral nephropathy
Pancreatitis Higher incidence of lactic acidosis and lipodystrophy |
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Class: Maraviroc
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CCR5 antagonist
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MOA: CCR5 antagonist
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Binds to CCR5 on WBC, prohibiting virus from entering the cell
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Maraviroc SE
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Hepatotoxicity
Allergic reaction Orthostatic Hypotension Rash |
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Maraviroc: Dose adjustment
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Yes with CYP3A4 inhibitors or inducers (double or decrease by 50%)
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Class: Enfuvirtide
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Fusion Inhibitor
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MOA: Fusion Inhibitor
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Inhibits fusion of HIV with CD4 cells by blocking necessary conformation change in gp41
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Enfuvirtide SE
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Injection site reactions
Hypersensitivity Increased risk of bacterial pneumonia |
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Class: Tenofovir
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Nucleotide Inhibitor
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MOA: Nucleotide Inhibitor
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Inhibits RNA-dependent DNA polymerase, resulting in inhibition of viral replication
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Tenofovir SE
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Headache
GI Intolerance Renal impairment |
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Class: Raltegravir
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Integrase Inhibitor
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MOA: Integrase Inhibitor
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Inhibition of viral replication
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Raltegravir SE
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CPK elevation
Glucose elevation Cholesterol elevation |
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Coverage: Penicillin
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Streptococci
Pneumococci Enterococci Mouth Anaerobes |
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Penicillin: DI
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Decrease OC effectiveness
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Penicillin: Admin
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Empty Stomach
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Coverage: Dicloxacillin, Nafcillin, Oxacillin
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Streptococci
Staphylococci |
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Coverage: Amoxicillin, Ampicillin
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PCN coverage
Enteric Gram (-) H-N-M |
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Dicloxacillin: Admin
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Empty Stomach
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Ampicillin: Admin
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Empty Stomach
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Coverage: Augmentin and Unasyn
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Amoxicllin/Ampicillin Cover
Staphylococci More powerful HNM/anaerobe |
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Which PCNs do NOT need doses adjusted in renal dysfunction
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Dicloxacillin
Nafcillin Oxacillin |
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Coverage: Zosyn and Ticarcillin/clavulanic acid
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Augmentin +
Psedomonas coverage |
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Cephalosporin Activity Gradient
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Increase Gram (-) and Decrease Gram (+) moving 1st to 4th
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Coverage: 1st Generation Cephalosporins
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Streptococci
Staphylococci Enteric Gram (-) |
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Generation: Cefadroxil
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1st
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Generation: Cefazolin (Ancef)
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1st
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Generation: Cephalexin (Keflex)
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1st
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DI: 1st generation C
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Decrease OC activity
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Do you need to adjust cephalosporin doses in renal dysfunction?
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Yes
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Coverage: 2nd generation
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1st generation +
Better gram (-) activity HNM |
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What is special about the coverage of 2nd generation chephalosporins, cefotetan and cefoxitin?
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Include anaerobic coverage
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Generation: Cefaclor
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2nd
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Generation: Cefotetan
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2nd
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Generation: Cefoxitin
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2nd
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Generation: Cefprozil
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2nd
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Generation: Cefuroxime
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2nd
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Brand: Cefazolin
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Ancef
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Brand: Cephalexin
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Keflex
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Brand: Cefprozil
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Cefzil
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Brand: Cefuroxime
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Ceftin
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Cefuroxime suspension: Admin
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With food
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Which 2nd generation cephalosporins have the potential to cause bruising and bleeding?
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Cefotetan
Cefoxitin |
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Coverage: 3rd generation cephalosporins
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Limited Gram (+)
More Gram (-) |
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Which 3rd generation cephalosporin has pseudomonas coverage?
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Ceftazidime
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Generation: Cefdinir
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3rd
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Generation: Cefixime
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3rd
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Generation: Cefoperazone
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3rd
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Generation: Cefpodoxime
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3rd
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Generation: Cefotaxime
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3rd
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Generation: Ceftazidime
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3rd
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Generation: Cefibuten
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3rd
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Generation: Ceftizoxime
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3rd
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Generation: Ceftriaxone
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3rd
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Brand: Cefdinir
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Omnicef
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Which 3rd generation cephalosporin should be avoided in neonates?
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Ceftriaxone (hyperbilirubinemia, kernicterus)
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Cefdinir: Admin
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Avoid antacids and iron
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Coverage: 4th generation cephalosporins
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Better Gram (+) than 3rd
Better Gram (-) Pseudomonas |
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Generation: Cefepime
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4th
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Coverage: Carbapenems
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Broad Spectrum =
Gram (+) Gram (-) Anaerobic HNM Pseudomonas |
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Which carbapenems does NOT have activity against pseudomonas?
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Ertapenem
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Which class of antibiotics has the potential to decrease OC efficacy?
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The penicillin family and derivatives (penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems)
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Which class of antibiotics has the potential to exacerbate seizures?
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Carbapenems (highest with imipenem)
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Which class of antibiotics may decrease valproic acid levels?
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Carbapenems
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Class: Aztreonam
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Monobactam
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Coverage: Monobactam
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Enteric Gram (-)
HNM Pseudomonas |
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Can monobactams be used in those patients allergic to other PCN like antibiotics?
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YES
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Coverage: Aminoglycosides
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Gram (-)
HNM Pseudomonas |
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What are the two major side effects of aminoglycosides?
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Nephrotoxicity
Ototoxicity |
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The following abx are from what class: azithromycin, clarithromycin, erythromycin, telithromycin?
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Macrolides
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