Integumentary

inflammation of the skin

Thick outer layer of skin lies superficial to the dermis. Can have between 3 - 5 layers.
Cells: Keratinocytes, Melanocytes, Langerhans Cells, Merkel Cells.

within the dermis

appearing reddened

a state of itching

hair erection

between the toes

area around the anus

extra (more the normal amount of) toes

surgical removal of 1st digit and nail bed

purulent skin discharge

excessive keratin production causing callous areas of skin

excessive sebum production

inflammation of the "quick" of the hoof

dehorning

through the skin

hair loss

a fibrous protein which is the principle constituent of epidermis, hair, nails, horny tissues, and the organic matrix of the enamel of teeth. Keratinized refers to the hardened outer layers that offer protection.

smooth involuntary muscle which erects the hair shaft (causes goosebumps)

Living, breathing organ composed of highly fibrous dense irregular connective tissue that contains collagen, elastic and reticular fibers. Also contains hair follicles, nerve endings, glands, smooth muscle, blood vessels, and lymphatic channels.
Cells: Fibroblasts, Adipocytes, and Macrophages.

Hypodermic layer
-Adipose and loose connective tissue
-Highly elastic insulates and allows structure to glide over skin

secrete sebum to protect and waterproof hair/skin also produce pheromones

in dogs and cats in the paw pads only for thermoregulation

modified sweat glands secretes ear wax aka cerumen

ear wax

glands in cheeks and chin for marking territory

whiskers tactile hairs

System of skin and related structures, contains all four tissue types.
Functions: prevents desiccation, reduces threat of injury, assists in maintaining normal body temp, excretes water, salt, and organic wastes (sweat). Receives and conveys sensory information (enervated), synthesizes Vit D, and stores nutrients.

Produce the protein keratin.

Protein taken up by cells to give skin its resiliency, strength and waterproofing.

Produce melanin.

A dark pigment which is absorbed by the melanocytes to protect them from ultraviolet radiation.

A macrophage specific to the epidermis which phagocytizes micro invaders and helps stimulate other aspects of the immune system.

Can be found in small numbers at the epidermal-dermal and are associated with a sensory nerve ending aiding in the sensation of touch.

Deepest layer of the epidermis. Consists of a single row of keratinocytes attached to epithelial basement membrane.
Cells: Merkel Cells, Melanocytes, Keratinocytes

(Spiny Layer) Superficial to the Stratum Basale, contains several layers of cells held together by desmosomes.
Cells: Langerhans Cell found here.

(Granular Middle Layer) Only found in thick skin. Superficial to the Stratum Spinosum, composed of two to four layers of flattened, diamond-shaped keratinocytes that contain lamellated granules of glycolipids. These glycolipids play a role in helping waterproof the skin and slowing water loss across the epidermis.

(Clear Layer) Only found in very thick skin. Superficial to the stratum granulosum, composed of a few rows of flattened dead cells, contents of keratogranules combine with intracellular tonofilaments to form keratin fibrils.

(Horny Layer) Outermost layer of epidermis composed of 20 to 30 rows of keratinocyte "remnants" (horny or cornified cells).

Superficial layer of the dermis composed of loose connective tissue with loosely woven fibers and ground substance. Contains Meissner's Corpuscles and blood vessels.

Finger-like projections of the dermis that help cement dermis and epidermis together.

Pain and touch receptors found in the papillary layer of dermis.

Deeper layer of dermis composed of dense irregular connective tissue and accounts of 80 % of the dermis.

Thick loose layer of areolar tissue that allows skin to move freely, contains adipose tissue, blood and lymphatic vessels and nerves as well as Pacinian Corpuscles.

Deep pressure and pain receptors found in the hypodermis.

Caused by melanocytes intertwined with surrounding tissue, the more melanin the darker the pigment.
Melanocyte-stimulating hormone from hypophysis (pituitary gland) controls the dispersion of granules (melanosomes). Melanosomes transported to the tips of the cell's projections, released into the intracellular space and are absorbed by the keratinocytes.

Nose skin of animals, only consists of 3 layers.

Nose skin of horses, only consists of 3 layers.

Outer surface toughest, thickest skin on body contains all 5 layers some specialized. Stratum corneum thicker than all other layers combined, conical papillae cover the surface. Thick adipose layer. Exocrine sweat glands. Contains Lamellar Corpuscles.