Interventions: HumBio 129S

-secondary prevention takes less time, more effective
-VIA (visual inspection of the cervix using acetic acid
-cryotherapy
-single visit treatments (exam and treatment on the same day)
barriers to treatment:
-social apprehension: not all women feel comfortable with cervical inspections

-misoprostil: discreet, noninvasive, inexpensive
- no cultural apprehension because women seeking abortion are going against cultural norm anyway

-encourage use of midwives
-encourage use of misoprostil
Advantages:
-female empowerment: women are in control of their own reproductive health
- training of local midwives= further empowering community
Prevention:
- implantation of IUD after the birth is completed; hemorrahaging more common for those who have already had a child

-increased sexual education
- increased promotion of female condoms
- universal testing and subsequent treatment
-expansion of ART (10 million people are in need of ART)
-promotion of male circumcision
- anti-rape campaigns that harshen punishments for rape
Barriers:
- post-rape anti retrovirals are expensive, logistically difficult to dispense
-possible subsidizing of the shot
Cultural barriers
-female genital mutilation
-transactional sex

-implanon (advantageous because it could target women before first pregnancy)
-IUD implementation after birth (cervix is already open)
-injectable contraceptive use via community based distribution (benefits: local residents do it, so woman is more comfortable)
Barriers:
-training of community based leaders (to prevent infection, learn proper injection methods)
Advantages:
-prevents obstetric fistulas and uterine prolapses

-ORT
-improvement of water quality
-promotion of exclusive breastfeeding (mixed feeding is bad bc makes baby more susceptible to disease)
-hygiene interventions (increased emphasis on handwashing)
-immunizations for rotavirus a d measles
BARRIERS:
- no efficacious water interventions or hygiene interventions
- if water is in short quantity then people are going to use it to drink rather than for handwashing
-vaccines are often hard to get out to rural areas
-HIV in breast milk

-SODIS
- hygiene interventions
PROBLEMS
- SODIS highly effective in lab, but not efficacious in real world setting
- behavioral interventions are difficult; water could be in short supply so handwashing is not high priority
-neither intevention is proven to work in the real world

430,000 children were infected with HIV world wide in 2008
-administration of NVP to mother n labor and a single dose to newborn decreases the trans rate by 50%
-implementation of PMTCT programs using peer counselors in urban clinics
-using peer counselors to counsel women on breastfeeding, support groups
-ARV combination regimens can reduce trans to less than 1 percent
-giving priority in ARVs to pregnant women can reduce the rate
-post natal administration of neviropine (NVP) to
-prevention of unintended pregnancies (38% of births in 2008 were unintended)
BARRIERS:
-ARV combo regimens are expensive

-weight for age: low (underweight
-height for age: low (stunting)
-weight for height: may be normal( now wasting)

-weight for age: low (underweight)
- height for age: low (stunting
-weight for height: low (wasting; growing at a certain rate then get really skinny really fast; kwashiokor etc)-