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13 Cards in this Set

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Define these terms:
1. Etiology
2. Pathogenesis
3. Morphologic changes
4. Complications and sequelae
1. Cause of disease
2. Mechanism of the development of the disease
3. Structural alterations induced in cels and organs of the body
4. Functional consequence of morphological changes
What are the 2 major classes of etiology?
1. Congenital (genetic or non-genetic)
2. Acquired (infectious, chemical, etc.)
Give examples of monocausal and multifactorial cause of disease.
Monocausal: Infection or trauma
Multifactiorial: Carcinogenesis
Pathogenesis is the mechanism through which the cause of a ________ produces ______________ manifestations.
disease, clinicopathological
Name some examples of pathogenesis
Inflammation, degeneration, carcinogenesis, immune reactions
What do diagnostic pathologists do?
Study morphological changes in tissue and cells to find cause of disease.
What are morphological changes?
Structural alterations in cells or tissues which are characteristic of the disease -> diagnosing the disease.
Morphological changes influence normal tissue function; this determines...
Symptoms and signs (clinical features), course of disease and prognosis of disease.
Give an example of the cause, course and consequences of lung cancer due to smoking.
1. Etiology = smoking
2. Pathogenesis = genetic mutation
3. Morphological and functional features = lung tumour
4. Complications and sequelae = metastases
What are the subclassifications of genetic diseases?
Inherited eg. Cystic fibrosis
Spontaneous eg. Down's syndrome
What are the subclassifications of non-genetic diseases?
Environmental eg. Rubella-associated malformations
Accidental eg. Cerebral palsy due to hypoxia at birth
What are the 6 pathogenetic classifications of acquired diseases?
Inflammation, growth disorder, injury and disordered repair, haemodynamic, disordered immunity ad metabolic/degenerative
How can you study structural and functional changes in the body due to disease?
Tisse -> Resections or biopsy
Cell -> Cytology
Molecules -> Molecular pathology