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32 Cards in this Set
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used in the initial workup in patients complaining of abdominal pain
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abdominal radiographs
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used to evaluate specific complaints localizing in the esophagus
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Fluoroscopy
*used in work up of gastric and colon diseases as well* |
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These modalities emit no radiation
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Ultrasound
MRI |
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evaluation for cholelithiasis
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ultrasound
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used for nonspecific abdominal pain and emits radiation
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CT
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Both of these densities outline the margins of the organs
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Fat
Water |
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what factors all appear as water densities on radiographs?
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blood
pus water |
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rule of thumb in air/pneumoperitoneum?
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free air rises to the most superior portion of the abdominal cavity
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air/pneumoperitoneum seen best in what radiograph?
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upright
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alternative radiograph for pneumoperitoneum
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left side down decubitus with cross table film
*detects air between the liver and right lower ribs and can be used in sick patients* |
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most easily seen on the right side and definitive diagnosis in air/pneumoperitoneum? Why not left?
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air under the diaphragm
it can be difficult to distinguish from air in the stomach or splenic flexure |
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upon looking at a radiograph, the clinician noticed that both sides of a section of bowel are lined with air. what is this finding?
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Rigler's sign *AKA double-wall sign*
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this 'sign' is typically seen in the supine position when lots of free air is within the abdomen
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Rigler's sign
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A clinician is looking at a radiograph and asks the attending to describe the Morrison's pouch. what is this?
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air can collect in this space located inferior to the liver and above the right kidney
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When air is collected over the liver, in a supine position, this structure of the liver is also outlined on the edges
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Falciform ligament
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A radiologists notices a lack of gas in an area near the bowel that normally contains air. What is the diagnosis?
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Bowel distension
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Name common calcification/ossification in the abdominal area
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Renal stones
gallstones Renal cyst wall Gallbladderwall Appendicolith Atherosclerotic calcification of the aorta urinary bladder stones fibroids |
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Air in this organ is always NORMAL?
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Stomach
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Air is seen in 2 loops of the small bowel. Should this be a concern?
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it is normal to see 1-2 loops of scattered air in the small bowel of noral caliber
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A small bowel is measured at >3cm. is this normal?
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Abnormal since the measurement is above 3cm
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As a radiologist, Clare can expect to normally see air in what part of the large intestine?
*not necessarily normal* |
rectum and sigmoid
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On rotations a medical student is asked what is the normal air-fluid levels of the stomach, small bowel and large intestine. How would you answer?
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Stomach - only normal in upright not supine
small bowel - 2-3 allowed large bowel - not typically seen |
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Valvulae are characteristic of this organ which is <3cm in diameter
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small bowel
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Haustra characterize this organ
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Large bowel
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Name 3 abnormal gas patterns
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Ileus
Mechanical: SBO and LBO |
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this is a bowel dilatation without mechanical obstruction caused by several pathologies including metabolic disorders and medications
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Ileus
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Describe the features of an Ileus
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1-2 persistently dilated loops of small or large bowel
Air in rectum or sigmoid may resemble early or partial SBO |
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patient is seen with dilated small bowel loops with little gas in the colon. Disproportionate air is seen throughout small bowel. what is the diagnosis?
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SBO
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patient is being treated for air causing an obstruction in their bowel tract. Little air was reported by the radiologist in the small bowel or rectum. what is the prognosis?
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Mechanical LBO
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how does an "apparent SBO" develope?
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A LBO with an incompetent ileocecal valve.
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Adhesions, hernias, cancer, and volvulus are all causes of what bowel condition?
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SBO
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for optimal examination of the bowel what is recommended?
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Oral contrast
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