JAZZ TEST 1

Jazz is American music that was created out of social conditions present in the _________ US

Jazz came from _______ & __________ music

T/F

African music - you don't write the music down, you just know it

Jazz was born in the city of _____ ______

Jazz is ____ to define

The 5 Basic Guidlines for Jazz Music

The act of simultaneously composing and perfroming

T/F

All jazz performances use improvisation

A unique interaction with time involving; 1. Syncopation and 2. Jazz Swing

Rhythmically placing or accenting notes way from the beat and in unexpected places (different beats/rythm)

loosening of the rigid adherence to the beat of the music...slightly delaying the notes played between beats creating tension

If you can tap your foot or snap your fingers to it, you are most likely listening to ____ _______

"Pushing the Envelope"/extending common rules of music to incorporate nonharmonious, dissonat tonalities into their jazz

A unique way of producing sound and phrasing melodies. Ex. - A piano player might "crush" two notes together

Listening to and reacting to musical ideas form other musicians - basically having a conversation among other jazz players, even if one is soloing

A grouping of beats (most have 4)

____ ____ differs from straight rhythm in the placement of the notes that fall between the beats

As one musician is soloing, the other members of the group either stop playing or continue playing in a supportive role

The highest form of individual expression in a jazz performance is the _______ ____

In modern jazz, only _____ musician solos at a time

This allows musicians to create all kind of sounds from a single keyboard and connect to computer sequencer software to create music

Rhythm section musicians

Plays the CHORDS that accompany the melody, in a syncopated and interactive manner known as COMPING

Piano player plays chords in a syncopated and interactive manner known as _______

Might be the most imporatant member of the rhythm section

Bass player plays a note on every beat that outlines the chords, a technique called __________ _____

When a drummer plays a spontaneous, SYNCOPATED accent on the bass drum to add energy to the performance, it is called _________ ______

T/F

Drummers only play with their hands

_____ _____ is Drumming swing rhythm is played on the ride cymbal

The most commmonly used wind instruments in jazz today are the _______ & ________

T/F

Bigger the sax, lower the pitch

____ different saxophones are used, ranging from the highest pitch soprano, to the lowest baritone

"The Tune" - succession of notes that are played or sung in a specific order and rhythm

Chords that accompany the melody

The relationship of notes and time (no pitch or chords)

short melodic phrase or melody, may also descirbe a short phrase in an improvised solo

the combination of melodies with silence or rests

improvised decoration or "jazzing up" of a melody

describes an improvised solo or an individual performers style of improvising

____ soloist add a lot of drama

____ soloist plays more laid back style

melody that is very singable or melodic

Basic beat driving the music

Rate of pulse/speed of music

Repeated groupings that beats are organized into

Beats two and four or each measure

placing notes or accents off the beat or in unexpected places

using two or more rhythms simultaneously (drummer)

fundamental unit to create harmony (3 or more)

the sequential order of the chords of a tune (Changes)

notational representations of chords, shorthand used to quickly communicate the harmonic content of a chord

one note, a written down notation of a tune using only the melody and chord symbols

a book made up of tunes in lead sheet form

tune that's been played over and over again, known by many jazz musicians

a jazz performance

a melodic phrase played by one performer and is answered by another

the technique of exchanging four-bar solos, usulaly between a soloist and a drummer

improvised solo, playing rhythmically twice as fast as the tempo

Each statement of the form is called a ______

Melody is almost always played in the first chorus, called the ____

Head-solos-head

First generation jazz musicians in New Orleans came from _______ ______ & _____ __ _____

______ musicians were of European and African descent, and had a shtrong background in European music traditions

Not only could they read music, but were also familiar with the classical repertoire

_____ musicans were skilled improvisers who generally didnt read music, but were fluent at improvising and creating music that was hot and exciting

With passage of this law, Creoloe musicans weren't allowed to play at high--class events and were forced to compete and eventually play with lack musicians

New Orleans system of improvising and embellishing the melody

New Orleans city's legal red light district

______ becomes center of jazz world after Storyville closes

By 1930's, ___ ____ became center of jazz world

New York became home of hundreds of clubs, radio networks, major record labels, and music publishing industry known as ___ ____ _____

Huge dance hall in Harlem

big nightclub in New York

1st swing star

1935-1946 when this was the most popular music in the US and at the center of a cultrual zitgeist, which included dance styles, clothes, and slag language

____ ____ was a time of musical consolidation

____ _____ were used during the swing era

Complex Pop music

Poor working conditions/traveling, boring/monotoneous, drugs/alcohol all lead to decline of ____ ____

Black musicians become alienated, frustrated that they have to travel so far, which lead to end of ____ ___

Arrangements that are created sponotaneoulsy in a jam session, often utilizing a 12-bar blues format

1st modern jazz style

1. Young, talented black musicians head to NYC
2. Racial inequities of swing music
3. Harlem Jam session allows expression

____ ____ were also a place where social networking took place and where relatively unkown musicians could get noticed

Clark Monroe's Uptown House and Minton's Playhouse

"Swing Street" "Street that never slept"

becomes center of 1940's NYC jazz scene

clubs located in the basemenets of brownstones that had jam sessions

a method of improvising based on usig chord tones (which are stacked vertically), rahter than pure melody (which is notated horizontally)

Art Tatum
Coleman Hawkins (Vertical Style)
Lester Young

Melody had unsingable, unexpected twists and turns

First musician to successfully merge black and creoles of color music

Barber who was first musician after the Legislative code No. 111, could be heard 10 miles away

Chicago jazz musician who changes jazz to a soloists form, brings new vocab, and codified modern swing rhythm

Chicago suburban teenagers who had studioulsy observered New Orleans musicians and deveolped their own Chicago Style of playing

The spiritual leader of the emerging Chicago Style

_____ ______ was among the first to put together all the essential swing ingredients

Standardized the way that big band jazz would sound

____ _____ rose to fame with a four year stint at the Cotton Club and established himself as the music's greatest composer by writing in a variety of styles

______ ______ was playing in a KC club, and his solo was so bad the dummer threw his cymbol on the ground and walked off

A popular song standard from the swing era using the vertical concept, by Charlie Parker

Figure head leader of bebop movement and brought new jazz vocab that retained blues influences

_____ was known for using heroin, which led many jazz musicians to use it to to acheive his satus

Set his hotel room on fire in California and was almost broke from buying so many drugs

"Jazz corner of the world" - countless live recordings were done here - 52nd street in NYC

became known as the "Schoolmaster" for teaching others the ins and outs of bebop

Didn't have any drug problems or anything, so not your typical bebopper

Became interested in Latin music because it was multirhythimc

Created the Afro-Cuban Jazz band

Most improtant member of Gillespie's big band was Cuban percussionist ____ ____

The most respected magazine in jazz journalism

Self taught, unorthodox piano player

He has a distinctive, quirky, whimsical playing style

Wasn't famous at first and didn't have a record contract until age of 30 when Blue Note signed him

His career didn't start out fast at all

Th. Monk lost his _____ ____, which is a permit ussed by the city of New York, which musicians were required to posses to play in liqour establishments in the city

Th. Monk mad a triumphant return with a six-month engagement at the ___ ___ ___ , a Greenchich Village watering hole

Drummer of Choice in early bebop

Had a long career as a drummer, became the first jazz musician to win a MAcArthur Fellowship "genius award"

Played the electric guitar and was a pioneer in single not runs, using an amplifier

He streamlined jazz piano, but his life was ruined by drugs, alcohol, and a beating that left him with mental issues - film "Round Midnight" was about him

One of the first bass players in jazz to become a competent soloist

Played on 1st bebop recording session w/ Dizzy Gillespie, and member of 1st bebop group on 52nd street (bass player)

first modern jazz style

Controversy erupts among older musicians and critics - Ulanov threw gasoline on the fire with a Nov. 1947 article in Metronome called ____ ___ ___ __

Describes jazz musicians who were not keeping up with the current trends

1. Art Music
2. Individualism
3. Vocab
4. Innovation
5. Political Activism
6. Artistic Influence

- Front line of cornet, clarinet, and valve or slide trombone
- Rhythm section of drums, string bass, guitar, and violin
- Collective improvisation
- Upbeat, march rhythm
- Syncopaiton, raggin

- N.O. front line w/ sax added
- simple ensemble passages; de-emphasized collective improvisation
- more emphasis on improvised solos in one-solo-at-a-time format
- more drive and energy in the rhythm section

Fast, furious, explosive, and technically demanding to play. It emphasizes the virtuousity of the soloist in a small group setting

- Complex rhythms from Cuba, Latin America, and Africa intertwined with bebop melodies and improvisation
- Percussion instruments such as bongos, congas, and timbales frequently incorporated into the jazz rhythm section

Song by Charlie Parker and his Re-Boppers

Reworking of the swing era hit "Cherokee"

Chano Pozo is in this song

This song is a documentaiton of a musical genius at work

Song by Dizzie gillespie

first performance was at Carnegie Hall concert

this song is one of the first examples of modal harmony used in a jazz content

Thelonious Monk song

sometimes referred to as the national anthem of jazz - one of the most often recorded true jazz compositions

Benny Goodman song

Recorded in Goodman's second session with Christian in New York

Bud Powell Trio song

shows Bud Powell to be a virtuoso on par with Charlie Parker and Dizzy Gillespie

walking bassline is ________

pianist solo: comp w/ ___ hand and solo w/ ____ hand

Dummers keep beat w/ ___ hand and solo w/ ____ hand

Conventional acoustic instruments are ___ commonly used

Rhythm gives music ____ motion

"Jazz Performance Form"

In the New Orleans Style, the ____ would play the melody in the middle range

In the New Orleans Style, the ____ improvised around the melody in a higher range

In the New Orleans Style, the ____ would "grunt" along in a low range

Place in NY known as "The Aristocrat of Harlem"

Place in NY that had log cabin and plantation house stage backdrop..."whites only" audiences

Head arrangments interact w/ eachother in a ____ ______ fashing

It was here jazz musicians heard bebop for the first time

A feud between swing and bebop

First musician to successfully merge Creole/Black music

He made it clear jazz would be a soloist artform

_____ was where the first white musicians began to jump on the jazz bandwagon

He established himself as the musics greatest composer

He standardized the way big band jazz would sound

He was among the first to put together all the essential swing ingredients

This club opened in Parker's honor

He didn't fit the profile of other beboppers b/c he was a joker, natural lead, and born entertainer

He was largley self-taught, played in an extremely aggressive manner, and an innovator on the piano

Played very quirky,had suspensful hestiations, new dissonances...not typical

Place where Monk made his triumphant return

This club opened in Parker's honor

He didn't fit the profile of other beboppers b/c he was a joker, natural lead, and born entertainer

He was largley self-taught, played in an extremely aggressive manner, and an innovator on the piano

Played very quirky,had suspensful hestiations, new dissonances...not typical

Place where Monk made his triumphant return