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69 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Most of the absorption of glucose takes place by this process
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active transport
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The resabsorption of glucose and amino acids takes place in this region of the nephron
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PCT
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These capillaries arise from the efferent arteriole and collect teh substances reabsorbed by the nephron for return to the body
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peritubular capillaries
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This is the term describing the pores found in the capillaries of teh glomerulus to speed up exchange
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fenestrated
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Aldosterone exerts its affects in this region of the nephron
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collecting duct and dct
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This hormone makes the nephron reabsorb calcium
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parathyroid
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These cells respond to the hormones ADH and aldosterone
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principal cells
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These structures increase the surface for absorption in the PCT
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brush border (microvilli)
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This region of the nephron is impermeable to water
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thin ascending limb
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This is a substance that increases urine output
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diuretic and ANP
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These capillaries are foudn associated with the loop of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons
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vasa recta
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This is the tyoe of reabsorption of water that takes place in the first half of the nephron and is not under hormonal control
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obligatory reabsorption
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Hydrogen ions, postassium, and drugs are expelled from the body by this neprhon process
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tubular secretion
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Most of the reabsorption of sodium takes place in this region of the nephron
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PCT
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All water movement out of the tubules takes place by this process
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osmosis
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This hormone makes the collecting ductmore permeable to water
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ADH
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These three processes occur in the nephron to form urine
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filtration
reabsorption secretion |
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These are the cells of the nephron that sevrete Hydrogen ions
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intercalated
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Most of the absorption of glucose takes place by this process
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active transport or tubular reabsorption
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This group fo cells produces renin to help regulate blood pressure
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juxtaglomerular apparatus
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These capillaries arise from the afferent areteriole and filter blood
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glomerulus
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This type of solution will increase water reabsorption and increase the loss of sodium and chloride. Specific gravity will move away from one.
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hypertonic
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This substance should be in the urine due to the breakdown of preteins by the body
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sulfate or urea
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This substance shoudl be in The urine as it is the way the body disposes of the amino groups deaminated from amino acids
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urea
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These things should not be in urine becasue they are too large to be filtered
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erythrocytes
protein leukocytes |
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A solution that is 1.45% salf would be this type of solution
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hypertonic
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This type of solution would cause more bicarbonate to show up in the urine and cause the pH to go up
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basic
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A hypertonic solution would cause the production of this hormone
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ADH
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If this hormone is not producted, diabetes insipidus might result
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ADH
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This substance in urine might indicate an infection
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leukocytes
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This substance in excesss in the urine might indicate increased breakdown of erythrocytes or liver problems
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bilirubin
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This substance should be in the urine becasue it is a buffer found in kidney infiltrate
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phosphate or bicarbonate
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This tyoe of solution will increase urine volume, cause the specific gravity to move closer to one, and cause the kidneys to conserve sodium
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hypotonic
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An excess of this substance in the urine might indicate diabetes mellitus
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glucose
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A solution of 0.245% salt would be this type of solution
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hypotonic
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This type of solution would cause an increase of Hydrogen ions in the urin and cause the pH to go down
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acidic
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Glomerularnephritis would allow this substance to show in urine
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protein
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Why do women develop more urinary bladder infections than men?
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shorter urethra
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Why should this not be found in urine?
Glucose |
should be reabsorbed in the PCT
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Why should this not be found in urine?
protein |
too large to be filtered
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Why should this not be found in urine?
erythrocytes |
too large to be filtered
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Why should this not be found in urine?
sulfate |
should be found as is biproduct of protein metabolism
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Why should this not be found in urine?
urea |
should be found as is biproduct of protein metabolism
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A person drinks a 0.1% salt solution. Should the specific gravity go toward or away from 1.000
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toward
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The mg/ml of sodium will tend to _______ in urine based on consumption of a 0.1% salt solution.
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decrease
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The mg/ml of will tend to _______ in urine based on consumption of a 0.1% salt solution.
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increase
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What are two substances absorbed by the nephrons?
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glucose
amino acids sodium potassium |
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What are two substances secreted by the nephrons?
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hydrogen ions
potassium ions drugs |
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What are 3 processes in urin formation?
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glomerular filtration
tubular reabsorption tubular secretion |
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These structures carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder
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ureters
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This structure carries urine from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body
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urethra
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This group of cells monitors blood pressure and produces renin
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juxtaglomerular apparatus
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Does ADH increase or decrease fluid output?
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decrease
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Does Aldosterone increase or decrease fluid output?
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decrease
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Does ANP increase or decrease fluid output?
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increase
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In producing a concentrated urine, the hormone ______ is release causing the collecting duct of the nephron to be ______ permeable to water.
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ADH
more |
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The normal urine output for an adult is ______
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1-2 L/day
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List 2 ways the kidneys help regulate the pH of the blood
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1) by secreting or not secreting Hydrogen ions
2) by re-absorbing or not re-absorbing bicarbonate |
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What are 2 ways diuretics bring about an increase in urine output
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1) increased filtration
2) decreased fluid re-absorption in nephron |
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Identify the region of the nephron where this takes place:
Glucose is reabsorbed here |
PCT
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Identify the region of the nephron where this takes place:
Caffeine affects this area |
glomerulus or PCT
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Identify the region of the nephron where this takes place:
always impermeable to water |
thick ascending limb
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Identify the region of the nephron where this takes place:
antidiuretic hormone exerts its effects here |
collecting duct
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Identify the region of the nephron where this takes place:
facultative reabsorption takes place here |
DCT & collecting duct
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Identify the region of the nephron where this takes place:
obligatory reabsorption takes place here |
PCT
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Identify the region of the nephron where this takes place:
Most sodium reabsorption takes place here |
PCT
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Identify the region of the nephron where this takes place:
Aldosterone exerts its effects here |
DCT & collecting duct
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Identify the region of the nephron where this takes place:
Amino acids are reabsorbed here |
PCT
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Antibiotics are secreted here
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PCT or DCT
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