- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Relationship between CrCl and GFR?
|
CrCl is a ROUGH, CRAPPY estimate of GFR.
CrCl typically ~15% higher than GFR bc of tubular secretion of creatinine |
|
General findings on physical examination of AKI (acute kidney injury) or acute exacerbation of CKD?
|
-acute weight gain (fluid retention)
-lung crackles (pulmonary edema) -JVD, juglar venous distension -pitting edema |
|
Laboratory values for pt with AKI? (chem-10, UO)
|
-very low urine output (UO < 0.5mL/kg/hr)
-BUN:Cr ratio >15 -increased K+, Mg2+, Phos |
|
Categories of low Urine Output?
|
Anuric UO <50mL/d
Oliguric UO 50-400mL/d Non-Oliguric UO >400mL/d normal ~1500mL/d or 0.5mL/kg/hr. |
|
What is the most commonly used marker for CKD and how is it measured?
|
estimated GFR.
Use CKD-EPI, MDRD, or Schwartz (peds) to find eGFR. |
|
What are the most commonly used markers for staging AKI?
|
Sudden increase in SCr
Sudden large decrease UO. |
|
CKD-EPI and MDRD
What are they for? |
estimating GFR for the purposes of staging CKD. (MDRD may be more accurate when eGFR < 60mL/min)
factors: age, gender, race, SCr, |
|
RIFLE
What is it for? |
Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss, End-Stage Kidney Disease
stages Acute Kidney Injury. factors: ΔSCr, ΔGFR, UO, dialysis (y/n) time frame: 1 week |
|
AKIN
What is it for? |
Acute Kidney Injury Network classification for staging AKI.
factors: ΔSCr, ΔUO, and + or - RRT time frame: 48hr |
|
Dose adjustment guidelines for pts with renal insufficiency are based on what parameter?
|
CrCl as estimated by Cockroft-Gault or Salazar-Corcoran.
Crappy approximation of kidney function but it's what we've been using forever and we're too lazy to switch |
|
Tuberoglomerular Feedback System
What does it do and what are the implications for CKD? |
fast flow through nephron ⇊ ability to reabsorb NaCl --> more NaCl reaches macula densa --> m.densa triggers renin release --> constrict efferent arteriole & ⇊ flow thru nephron.
excessive TGF (as in renovascular HTN) can cause ischemia, necrosis, etc. |
|
Why is Na+ not typically looked at as an indicator of kidney function?
|
Na+ fluctuates with fluid status, not necessarily kidney status. You can have low Na+ because you're volume overloaded for reasons other than CKD; same is true of high Na+
|
|
Difference between volume depletion and deydration?
|
Vol depletion = overall decrease in fluids; electrolytes may or may not be more concentrated
Dehydration = straight up water deficiency; everything is more concentrated |
|
Why does NaCl loading turn TGF off? Why might this be of value in kidney disease?
|
TGF is on whenever urine is too dilute. NaCl loading increases urine [Cl-] and turns it off.
Useful for flushing nephrotoxic drugs through the kidneys; minimize exposure |
|
What lab value is the primary measure of CKD?
|
urine albumin. elevated when kidneys are shot and spilling protein into urine.
|
|
Pyelonephritis
s/sx/tx? |
N/V, flank pain, fever, pyuria +/- hematuria
probably a FQ |
|
Nephritis
definition? cause? examples of conditions? |
inflammation of the nephron due to antibody-antigen deposition in glomerulus
Lupus Nephritis, IgA nephritis |
|
Nephrotic Syndrome
clinical presentation? etiology? |
-massive protein excretion in urine >3g/d mostly albumin
-hypoalbuminemia, which liver counteracts w/hyperlipidemia -RAAS activation --> generalized edema -xs bleeding bc peeing out clotting factors too |
