Knee Orthoses

1. extension stop- full flex. to full ext.
2. polycentric (dual axis joint component- mimics knee)
3. drop locks- flexion to full locked ext.
4. posterior offset- full flex. to stab. full extension, not locked (axis behind line of gravity)
5. Bail lock- full flex. to locked full ext. (one handed release of locks)
6. step lock- adjustable ext. locking or free joint
7. SPC/SPL swing phase control/Lock (ext. assist, weight line locking)

1. ext. spring bias (provides ext. aid)
2. limits heel rise
3. adjustable spring tension
4. provides stance stability
5. medial lock

1. lateral lock
2. automatic lock mech. (locks end of swing, unlocks at heel off)
3. position dependent, not load

1. simulates normal gait
2. eliminates hip hiking
3. no circumduction
4. less energy consumption
5. decrease risk of falling
6. patient security

1. recurvatum
2. varus/valgus forces
3. some rotation control

1. elastic/neoprene devices
2. frame devices
3. custom made
4. OA braces

1. soft tissue control
2. knee sprains, strains, OsGood

1. control AP (ACL/PCL)
2. ML control (MCL/ meniscus)

1. control knee angulation (varus/valgus)
2. open joint as extension occurs

1. All of AFO's
2. additional knee ctrl.
- recurvatum
- varus/valgus
- some rotation ctrl.

1. ctrl. varus/valgus/recurvatum
2. permits swing, need quads/hip ext./PF to stabilize

1. produces straight leg gait pattern
2. requires vaulting, hip hiking or circumduction

1. permits normal swing, with inherently stable design
2. used with free ankle in most cases

1. used when multiple locks would be difficult to release
2. can be triggered against objects (example- getting into W/C)

1. can be used for progressive stretching program
2. can be used where rising to a stand is difficult

ctrl. ankle and foot rotation with knee position

1. Tibial- used for containment of tibial fx.(usually c flexible ankle components)
2. Femoral- usually with free knee/ankle comp.