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90 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Lab safety rules are?
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No eating or drinking (DHEC & OSHA
No bare foot Know location of lab safety equipment (eye wash/Safety shower etc.. Do not open gas valve Microscopes must be handled w/ care Never taste a chemical |
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What reagent is used to test Proteins?
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Biuret reagent
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What reagent is used to test for starch?
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Iodine
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What reagent is used to test reducing sugar. (Glucose)?
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Benedict's reagent
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What reagent is used test Lipids?
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Brown Paper bag
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Biochemical tests to determine if an unknown solution contains a type of organic compound are?
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Qualitative and specific.
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What is the function of a negative control biochemical test?
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No change/ No chemical reaction
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An Unknown solution turns (Pale/Blue) in the biuret test. What does that mean?
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That the test is negative. Has no protein
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An unknown solution turns (blue/ black) in the iodine test. What doe it mean?
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That the test is positive. contains starch.
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An unknown solution dropped on a brown paper, and results are translucent greasespot. What does that mean?
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Lipids are present
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If a substance turns violet in a buiret test it means that is what?
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Albumin
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If a substance turns red/orange in the Benedicts test it means that is what?
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Glucose
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A subsatnce turns blue/black in the iodine test it means that is what?
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Potato juice starch
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A substance turns pale blue/clear in the Benedicts test it means that is what?
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Water
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name the enzyme that breaks down starch to maltose?
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Amylase
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what is an emulsifier?
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Can cause fat to disperse in water. allows water and oils to bond.
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The only substance that tests positive in iodine is?
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Starch
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which Reagent turns pink/purple when positive for proteins?
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Biuret
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An emulsifier is also known as?
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Tween
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what plant stores energy as sugar?
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Onion
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What color is observed in a strong positive test for sugar?
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Orange/ Brown
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what plant stores energy as starch?
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Potato
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What color does a lipid emulsion become after shaking?
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Milky white
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What is the term for the net movement of molecules from high to low concentration?
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Simple Diffusion
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What does it mean when the concentration is the same in all regions?
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Equilibrium
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Name two molecules which can pass through a phospholipid bi-layer?
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Gas,(Oxygen) and Water
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Name two molecules which cannot pass through a phospholipid bi- layer?
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Sodium and Potassium
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What drives diffusion of water across a semipeable membrane?
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Differences in water concentration
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Why is it not a good idea to drink sea water?
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The salt level in sea water will cause the cells to shrivel up and dehydratyte. cause major diarrhea.
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Sea water is?
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1.8% salts. Which is twice the concentration of human saline. Sea water is hypertonic.
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What is a cell organelle?
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is a specialized subunit within a cell that has a specific function, and is usually separately enclosed within its own lipid bilayer.
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Which is found in the nucleus?
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Chromosomes
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Which structure composed mainly of proteins and lipids, aids in maintaining homeostasis in a the cell?
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Cell membrane
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Which cellular component cannot be seeing with a compound microscope?
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DNA
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The organelle mostly directly involved in cellular respiration is?
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Mitochondrion
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The rigidity of a plant cell is due to what?
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Cell Wall
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What structure of cell is most readily seen when stained with iodine solution?
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Vacuole
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Which structure permits the entry and exit of dissolved materials in animal cells?
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Cell Membrane
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The structure mostly associated with the destruction of worn out organelles is?
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Lysosome
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Which structure is only found in animal cells?
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Centrioles
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The organelle most closely associated with the manufacture of proteins is?
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Ribosome
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Which structure chiefly functions in intracellular transport?
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Golgi apparatus
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Where is the cell primary site of ATP production?
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Mitochondria
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Cells involved with destruction of themselves, such as those in the tail of a tadpole would most likely contain many?
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Lysosomes
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Which cell organelle does the poision cyanide most directly affects?
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Mitochondria
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What is the difference between fragella in eukaryotic cells and prokariotic cells?
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Eukaryotic cells it goes back and forth (Whips) 9+2.
Prokaryotic cells it goes round and round/ coils, basel fillamnets (360) degrees |
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What is a solution?
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A solution consists of a solute and a solvent. Example: Salt water is a solution. in which the salt the (solute) is dissolved in water the (solvent)
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What does concentration means?
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The measure of the amount of a sub-component (especially solute) in a solution.
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What does the pH scale mean?
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The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic.
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What are biological molecules?
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Large, complex molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates, that are produced only by living organisms.
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What is the difference between fragella in eukaryotic cells and prokariotic cells?
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Eukaryotic cells it goes back and forth (Whips) 9+2.
Prokaryotic cells it goes round and round/ coils, basel fillamnets (360) degrees |
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What is a solution?
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A solution consists of a solute and a solvent. Example: Salt water is a solution. in which the salt the (solute) is dissolved in water the (solvent)
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What does concentration means?
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The measure of the amount of a sub-component (especially solute) in a solution.
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What does the pH scale mean?
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The pH scale measures how acidic or basic a substance is. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14. A pH of 7 is neutral. A pH less than 7 is acidic. A pH greater than 7 is basic.
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What are biological molecules?
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Large, complex molecules, such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids and carbohydrates, that are produced only by living organisms.
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What are the properties of Carbohydrates, simple sugars?
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Monosaccharides and disaccharides.
Provides quick energy |
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What are the properties of of complex carbohydrates?
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Polymmers of monosaccharides
Supports cells and organisms Example; (Cellulose, chitin), Store energy: Starch, Glycogen. |
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What are the properties of lipids?
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Triglycirides(fats and oils) Glycerol+3 fatty acids (store energy)
Phospholipids Glycerol+ 2 fatty acids+ a phosphate group (from major part of biological membrane). Sterols and waxes. |
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What are the properties of proteins?
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Polymmers of amino acids.
carry out nearly all the work of the cell. |
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What are the properties of Nucleic acids,(DNA & RNA?)
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Polymmers of nucleotides
Store and use genetic information and transmit it to the next generation |
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What does disaccharides means?
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Two monosaccharides that have joinned during a dehydration reaction
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What does Polysaccharides means?
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Polymmers of monosccharides
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What does triglycerides means?
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fats and oils that contain 2 types of sub-unit molecules (long term energy storage)
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What does Autotrophic means?
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an organism that doesnt need to feed off of other living things for food. They can make their own food from non living things like sunlight, water and gases
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What does Heterotrophic means?
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A heterotroph is an organism that can not synthesize or process it's own food. It depends on complex and organic substances for it's nutrition.
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What kingdom does Protists belong to?
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Kingdom Protista. Protists belong to the Kingdom Protista, which includes mostly unicellular organisms that do not fit into the other kingdoms.
Characteristics of Protists mostly unicellular, some are multicellular (algae) can be heterotrophic or autotrophic most live in water (though some live in moist soil or even the human body) ALL are eukaryotic (have a nucleus) A protist is any organism that is not a plant, animal or fungus |
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What kingdom does a plant belong to?
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Plantea
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What is included in the fungi kingdom?
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Nonphotosynthetic organisms. Mostly multicellular that digest their food externally. Example: mushrooms.
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What kingdom does animals belong to?
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Animallia. multicellar organisms that digest their food externally.
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What are the kingdoms?
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Archaea: Prokaryotes
bacteria: Prokaryotes Protista: Eukaryote Fungi: Eukaryote Plantae: Eukaryote Animallia: Eukaryote |
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What does a semi-permeable membrane means?
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a membrane (as a cell membrane) that allows some molecule to pass through but not others
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what happens to a cell in Isotonic condition?
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Same amount of water in and out animals love it
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What happens to a cell in hypotonic solution?
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Water in is more then water out. plants love it!
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what happens to cells in hypertonic solutions?
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More water out then in. Causes cell to shrivel. cell may die for lack of water
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what does simple diffision means?
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A form of passive transport. substances moves down its concentration gradient. NO PROTEIN REQUIRED!!!
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What does osmosis means?
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diffusion of water across a selective permeable membrane.
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What are amoeba and paramecium?
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Members of a large group of eukaryotic organisms called protists. both single celled.
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Are membranes alive?
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Yes!!! In the sense that they respond to their environment, and allow some molecules to pass and others NOT
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What are two characteristics of molecules that govern their passive movement through a lipid membrane?
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Polarity and size
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Osmosis always refers to?
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Water
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What is a solution?
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A homogeneous, liquid mixture of two or more kinds of molecules
Example: Salt (Solute) And water (solvent) |
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What does hypotonic describes?
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A solution w/ a lower concentration of solutes
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What does Hypertonic describes?
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Solution w/ higher concentration of solutes
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What does isotonic describes?
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2 solutions that have equal concentration of solutes
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What does Cranetion means?
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Crenation happens in a hypertonic solution where water leaves the cell. The result is that the cell shrivels.
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What does plasmolysis means?
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The shirking of the cytoplasm of a plant cell
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What does lysis means?
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To split/or burst
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What does tugor pressure means?
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Turgor pressure is the outward pressure that occurs in a plant cell when the cytoplasm and vacuoles fill up with water and the cell membrane pushes against the cell wall.
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What does concentration (free energy) gradients mean?
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Passive transport
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what factors affects diffusion and osmosis?
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temperature, concentration and pressure
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