- Shuffle
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Alphabetize
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Front First
Toggle OnToggle Off
- Both Sides
Toggle OnToggle Off
Front
How to study your flashcards.
Right/Left arrow keys: Navigate between flashcards.right arrow keyleft arrow key
Up/Down arrow keys: Flip the card between the front and back.down keyup key
H key: Show hint (3rd side).h key
PLAY BUTTON
PLAY BUTTON
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
|
Hemoglobin A1C
(Hgb A1C) |
2.2-4.8% Nondiabetic adult
2.5-5.9% Good diabetic control 6.8-8.0% Fair diabetic control >8.0% Poor diabetic control |
amount of Hgb glycosylation, a weighted average of glucose levels over the last 3 months, which indicates diabetes control. |
|
Fasting Blood Sugar
|
70-110 mg/dL
|
measures glucose content in blood after fasting at least 4hrs |
|
Digoxin Levels
|
0.8-2.0 ng/mL
|
measures blood level of the cardiac glycoside Digoxin (Lanoxin) used to treat heart failure and tachycardia |
|
Phenytoin Level
|
10-20 micrograms/mL
|
measures blood concentration of the anti-seizure medication Phenytoin (Dilantin) |
|
Urinalysis
pH |
4.6 – 8.0
|
measures acidity or alkalinity |
|
Urinalysis
Specific gravity |
1.010 - 1.030
|
measures how concentrated the urine is relative to the density of water |
|
Urinalysis
Protein |
Negative
|
measures amount of protein in urine |
|
Urinalysis
Sugar |
Negative
|
measures amount of sugar in urine |
|
Urinalysis
Ketones |
Negative
|
measures presence of ketone bodies which are end products of fatty acid metabolism. |
|
Urinalysis
Nitrites |
Negative
|
detects conversion of nitrate to nitrite by bacteria. May indicate presence of bacteria in urine. |
|
Urinalysis
Leukocyte Esterase (LE) |
Negative
|
detects enzyme found in granulocytes, histiocytes, and Trichomonas |
|
Red Blood Cell Count (RBC)
|
men 4.7-6.1 million/micrograms/L
women 4.2-5.4 million/micrograms/L |
measures the number of RBC’s /mm3 blood |
|
Hematocrit (hct, pcv, crit)
|
men 42-52%
women 37-47% |
measures the percentage of RBC’s in the plasma *If RBC and Hgb are normal, the Hct is about 3 times the Hgb |
|
Hemoglobin (hgb)
|
men 14-18 g/dL
women 12-16 g/dL |
measures the amount of hgb in the RBC’s |
|
Aspartate Aminotransferase
(Serum Glutamic-oxaloacetic Transaminase) (AST) or (SGOT) |
0-35 micrograms/L
|
measures an enzyme found in heart, liver and muscle tissue It is the highest in the liver |
|
Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) or (CK)
|
Total CK:
men 55-170 micrograms/L women 30-135 micrograms/L isoenzymes: MM(CKIII) 100% MB(CKII) 0% BB(CKI) 0% |
measures enzyme that converts creatine to creatinine. Muscle tissue is rich in CK. 3 isoenzymes CK-I (BB)-produced in brain and smooth muscle CK-II(MB)-produced by heart tissue CK-III(MM)-produced by muscle tissue |
|
Cardiac Troponins T and I
|
T < 0.2 ng/mL
I < 0.3 ng/mL |
specific indication of cardiac muscle injury |
|
Lactic Dehydrogenase LDH
|
total LDH 100-190 micrograms/L
|
enzyme formed in the heart, liver, muscles, and RBC’s as well as other organs & isoenzymes |
|
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)
|
10 - 20 mg/dL
|
measures amount of urea nitrogen in blood. Urea is a waste product of protein metabolism formed by liver and excreted by kidneys |
|
Serum Creatinine
|
men 0.6-1.2 mg/dL
women 0.5-1.1 mg/dL |
waste product of creatine phosphate, a high energy compound found in skeletal muscle. |
|
Serum Sodium
|
135-145 mEq/L
|
measures sodium content in serum. Na+ is primary factor in maintaining osmotic pressure of ECF. Results must be evaluated relative to hydration status. |
|
Serum Potassium
|
3.5-5.0 mEq/L
|
measures potassium content in serum. K+ is essential for normal cardiac and neuro- muscular function. |
|
Serum Chloride
|
95-105 mEq/L
|
measures Cl- content in serum. Cl- level usually reflects Na+ level in serum. |
|
Serum Calcium
|
total Ca++ 8.5-10.5 mg/dL
ionized 4.5-5.5 mg/dL |
measures Ca++content in the serum. Total Ca++ or ionized (active)Ca++ can be measured. Ca++ levels should be interpreted relative to albumin levels *Roughly ½ of Ca++ is bound to albumin. If serum albumin level drops 1g the total Ca++ drops 0.8 mg but ionized Ca remains unchanged. |
|
Serum Phosphorous or Phosphates
|
2.8-0-4.5 mg/dL or
1.8-2.6 mEq/L |
measures amount of P in serum. An inverse relationship exists with serum Ca++ |
|
Serum Magnesium
|
1.5-2.5 mEq/L
|
measures the serum concentration of Mg++ |
|
Prothrombin Time
(PT) |
maybe reported as
1) time in seconds it takes blood to clot. (compare to control) 11.0-12.5 sec PT should be: 1.5-2 x control if anticoagulation is well controlled. 2) % of normal activity (compared to control) 85-100% 3) International normalized ratio (INR) INR should be: 2.0-3.5 if anticoagulation is well controlled. |
measures the level of prothrombin and other clotting factors that are made in liver and are vitamin K dependent. Used to measure effectiveness of coumarin type anticoagulant drugs. |
|
Partial Thromboplastin time
PTT |
PTT is reported as seconds it takes for blood to clot. If chemicals are added to accelerate clotting time the value is called an activated PTT (APTT)
normal APTT 30-40 sec. normal PTT 60-70 sec. PTT should be 1.5-2.5 x control if anticoagulation is well controlled. |
demonstrates lack of any of intrinsic clotting factors except factor 7. Also used to monitor heparin anticoagulant therapy. |
|
Platelet Count
|
150,000-400,000/mm3
|
measures quantity of platelets per cubic millimeter of blood. Platelets are formed in bone marrow and function in blood coagulation. They are removed from blood by the spleen. |
|
White Blood Cell Count (WBC)
|
5000-10,000/micrograms/L
|
measures the total WBC’s per cubic millimeter of blood. |
|
Total Lymphocyte Count
|
1800-3000 calculated from WBC
|
one component of the WBC differential |
|
Serum Cholesterol (total)
|
<200 mg/dL
Borderline high 200-239 mg/dL High > 240 mg/dL |
measures the amount of cholesterol in serum. Cholesterol is essential for production of bile and steroids. It is a component of cell membranes. Excess cholesterol contributes to Atherosclerosis and CV Disease Cholesterol is made by the liver. |
|
Serum Triglycerides
|
men 40-160 mg/dL
women 35-135 mg/dL |
Most abundant fats in serum. They come from animal fat and vegetable oils |
|
Serum Albumin
|
3.5-5 g/dL
* pre-albumin: 15-36 mg/dL |
measures amount of this plasma protein in the serum. Albumin is essential to maintain oncotic pressure of vascular system. It binds many drugs/hormones and serves as an acid-base buffer. |
