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46 Cards in this Set
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Normal microbiota on skin
Can cause opportunistic infection in immunocompromised when introduced into body |
Staphylococcus epidermidis
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normal microbiota in 20%
more virulent strain theat can produce a variety of conditions depending on infection site |
Staphylococcus aureus
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3 Categories of staphylococcal disease
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1) Noninvasive
2) Cutaneous 3) Systemic |
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Food poisoning
- from cosumption of enterotoxin-contaminated food |
Noninvasive Disease
(staphylococcal) |
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Cutaneous
-large blisters, peeling of outer layer of skin -result of a toxin |
Scalded Skin Syndrome
(staphylococcal) |
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Cutaneous
-red patches develop into encrusted blisters -result of bacterial growth |
Impetigo
(staphylococcal) |
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Cutaneous
-infection of the hair follicles |
Folliculitis
(staphylococcal) |
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Cutaneous
-entensions of folliculitis into the surrounding tissue |
Furnacles
(staphylococcal) |
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Systemic
-TSS toxin abssorbed into blood via wound or abraded vagina -fever, vomiting, rash, LBP |
Toxic Shock Syndrome
(S.aureus & S. epidermidis) |
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Systemic
-presence of bacteria in blood |
Bacteremia
(S.aureus & S. epidermidis) |
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Systemic
-inflammation of the heart -bacteria attack the lining of the heart |
Endocarditis
(S.aureus & S. epidermidis) |
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Systemic
-inflammation of the lungs, alveoli and bronchioles become filled with fluid |
Pneumonia
(S.aureus & S. epidermidis) |
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Systemic
-inflammation of bone marrow and surrounding bone |
Osteomyelitis
(S.aureus & S. epidermidis) |
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Staph pathogenicity results from 3 features:
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1)Structures
2) Enzymes 3) Toxins |
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Coats cell surface of S. Aureus
-interferes with immune response by binding to antibodies -inhibits complement cascade |
Protein A
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Surface of S. aureus (structure)
- converts blood protein fibrinogen into fibrin molecules - clots -clots hide bacteria from phagocytic cells |
Bound Coagulase
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on S.aureus & S. epidermidis
- inhibit chemotaxis and endocytosis - helps attach to artificial surfaces |
Capsule
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Enzyme
s. aureus triggers blood clotting |
Cell-free coagulase
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enzyme
-enable bacteria to spread between host cells |
Hyaluronidase
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enzyme
s. aureus - dissolves fibrin threads in blood clots, so it can free itself |
Staphylokinase
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enzyme
-digest lipids to allow staph to grow on skin surface and in cutaneous oil glands |
Lipases
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Enzyme
- breaks down penicillin |
B-lactamase
95% of staph now carries this |
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toxin
-disrupts cytoplasmic membrane of immune cells |
Cytolytic toxins
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Toxin
-can lyse leukocytes |
Leukocidin
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toxin
-causes skin to separate and slough off body |
Exfoliative toxins
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toxin
-stimulate intestinal muscle contractions, nausea, vomiting - food poison |
Enterotoxins
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S. aureus differentiated from other staph by what test?
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Coagulase
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Staph differentiated from Strep by what test?
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Catalase
-staph is + |
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Treatment of staph infections
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Methicillin
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disease
group A strep -inflammation of pharynx |
Pharyngitis
(strep throat) |
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disease
group a often accompanies pharyngitis -dead S. pyogenes release toxins -rash on chest and spreads |
Scarlet fever
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Group a
diease -confined pus-producing lesion on face, arms, legs |
Pyoderma
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group A
-bacteremia and severe multisystem infections |
Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome
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Group a
-toxin produced destroys skin, & eventually muscle and fat |
Necrotizing fasciitis
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group a
-inflammation that leads to damage of heart valves and muscle |
Rheumatic fever
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Group a
-inflammation of glomerili and nephrons, obstruct kidney blood flow |
Glomerulonephritits
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Strep structure
Group A -interferes with opsonization and lysis of bacteria |
Protein M
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Strep structure
Group a -acts to camo the bacteria |
Hyaluronic acid capsule
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Strep enzyme
group a -break dwn blood clots, bac spread |
Streptokinases
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Strep enzyme
group a -lyse RBC, WBC, and platelets |
Streptolysins
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-cant be classified by Lacefield system
- may produce green pigment on blood agar - cause dental caries - can cause meningitis and endocarditis if enter blood |
Viridans group Streptococci
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S. pneumoniae pathogenicity
-stimulates cells to phagocytize the bacteria (hide and transport) |
Phosphorylcholine
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S. pneumoniae pathogenicity
-protects bacteria from digestion after endocytosis |
capsule
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S. pneumoniae pathogenicity
-mediates binding to epithelial cells of pharynx |
Protein adhesin
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S. pneumoniae pathogenicity
- destroys antibodies |
Secretory IgA protease
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S. pneumoniae pathogenicity
- lyses epithelial cells and supresses digestion of phagocytized strep |
Pneumolysin
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