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25 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
sagittal plane
perpeindicular to coronal from head to foot
Parts of the breast
Lactiferous duct, Cooper's ligament
Brachial plexus
a bunch of nerves on top of the bone in the anterior shoulder area

Nerves C5-T1
Ca++ is required for which muscle type?
ALL THREE
What is ATP needed for in muscle?
1. For the myosin head power stroke
2. For the release of actin from myosin
Myosin molecule:
how many heads
Binding sites
2 heads
ATP binding site, actin biding site, 2 regulatory light chain biding sites
What are the thin filaments composed of?
f-actin
Troponin (TnI, TnC, TnT)
Tropomyosin
What is the Z line composed of
alpha actinin
What does the strength of the muscle contraction depend on?
On the amount of overlap between actin and myosin, in particular the number of attachments of the myosin heads to actin
What is the triad involved in excitation composed of?
In the skeletal muscle:
1 t-tubule (sarcolemma extension)
2 cisterna
Where are t-tubules found in skeletal muscle, cardiac muscle?
Sk: A-I junction
C: Z line
After excitation and all the stuff that happens Ca2+ is released what happens after it binds TnC and TnI moves out of the way?
It opens up the myosin binding site and is set in RIGOR CONFIGURATION
Starting at rigor configuration describe the steps necessary for contraction cycle
1. rigor configuration: myosin attached
2. ATP binds, myosin lets go
3. ATP -> ADP + P, head bends COKS
4. P leaves, POWERSTROKE: actin binds to myosin more tightly, head unbends
Motor unit
Number of muscle fiber enervated by one neuron
Myasthenia gravis
autoimmune disease where antibodies block the acetylcholine receptor on the sarcolemma
T- tubules in the heart
More numerous in the heart than in skeletal muscle
but ER is less developped
Heart is an endocrine organ, what does it release?
Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)
Brain natriuretc factor BNF
both are dieuretics
In peristalis there are muscle cells oriented longitudinally and circularly, why?
Longitudinally to increase size of lumen
Circularly to decrease it
Dense bodies
in smooth muscle
contain alpha actinin, intermediate filaments
Besides dense bodies, what is characteristic of smooth muscle?
pinocytotic vesicles
myosin chain is side polar!
Contraction of smooth muscle
1. binding receptor, 2nd mss, Ca++ opens
2. Ca++ binds CALMODULIN
3. Calcium-calmodulin complex binds MLCK
4. MLCK phosphorylated regulatory light chain and allows it to bind to actin
5 ATP.. bla bla bla
Latch state
Happens in smooth muscle
After myosin head binds, it can be dephosphorylated
Won't be able to let go
Which muscle is a syncytium?
ONLY MUSCLE
CAREFUL when it comes to Ca++ requirements why?
Bc ONLY cardiac need EXTRACELLULAR Ca++, but
ALL need Ca++ release from ER
Where is phosphorylation involved?
In smooth muscle
Phosphorylation of light chain myosin head gets it to bind