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64 Cards in this Set

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Apartheid
a South-African policy of complete legal separation of races, including banning all social contracts between whites and blacks
Appeasement
The making of concessions to an aggressor in order to avoid war
Armistice
An agreement to stop fighting
Arms race
a competition between two or more parties for real or apparent military supremacy
Bioterrorism
terrorism by intentional release or dissemination of biological agents
Biowarfare
Use of viruses, bacteria, and toxins as biological weapons
Blitzkrieg
“lightning war” a form of warfare in which surprise attacks with fast-moving airplanes are followed by massive attacks with infantry forces
Bloc
a temporary combination of parties in a legislative assembly
Capital
the area of a country, province, region, or state, regarded as enjoying primary status, usually but not always the seat of the government or a factor of production that is not wanted for itself but for its ability to help in producing other goods
Cold War
The state of diplomatic hostility between the US and the USSR in the decades following WWII
Collaborator
to work jointly with others or together especially in an intellectual endeavor
Collectivization
policy was to consolidate individual land and labor into collective farms
Commune
In Communist China, a collective farm on which a great number of people work and live together
Concentration camp
the imprisonment or confinement of people, commonly in large groups, without trial
Conscription
Draft; the compulsory enrolment of people and the term typically refers to their enlistment in a country's military
Contras
is a label given to the various rebel groups opposing Nicaragua's FSLN
Demilitarize
A reduction in a country’s ability to wage war, achieved by disbanding its armed forces and prohibiting it from acquiring weapons
Depression
a period during which business, employment, and stock-market values decline severely or remain at a very low level of activity
De-Stalinization
Nikita Khrushev’s policy of eliminating all memory of Joseph Stalin and his programs in the USSR
Détente
A policy of reducing Cold War tensions that was adopted by the US during Richard Nixon’s regime
Dictatorship
a country, government, or the form of government where an absolute power is exercised by a dictator
Direct rule
a system of government wherein the central government controls the states or provinces
Disarmament
the act of reducing, limiting, or abolishing weapons
Dissident
An opponent of a government’s policies or actions
Domino theory
The idea that if a nation falls under Communist control, nearby nations will fall under Communist control
Duma
A Russian national parliament formed in the early years of the 20th century
Ethnic cleansing
A policy of murder and other acts of brutality which Serbs hoped to eliminate Bosnia’s Muslim population after the breaking up of Yugoslavia
Fascism
A political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationalism, a denial of individual rights, and a dictatorial one-party rule
Genocide
The systematic killing of an entire people
Global economy
All the financial interactions-involving people, businesses, and government-the cross international boundaries
Guerilla tactics
A member of loosely organized fighting force that makes surprise attacks on enemy troops occupying his or her country
Indigenous
any ethnic group who inhabit a geographic region with which they have the earliest known historical connection
Intifada
Arabic word meaning “rebellion,” “uprising,” or “resistance”
Kamikazi
During WWII, Japanese suicide pilots trained to sink Allied ships by crashing bomb-filled planes into them
Mandate
a command or authorization to act in a particular way on a public issue given by the electorate to its representative
Monroe Doctrine
A US policy of opposition to European interference in Latin America announced in 1823 by President James Monroe in 1823
Multinational corporation
A company that operates in multiple countries
New Economic policy
(In the Soviet Union) a program in effect from 1921 to 1928, reviving the wage system and private ownership of some factories and businesses, and abandoning grain requisitions.
Pan-Africanism
the idea or advocacy of a political alliance or union of all the African nations
Pan-Arabism
the idea or advocacy of a political alliance or union of all the Arab nations
Partisan
1.an adherent or supporter of a person, group, party, or cause, esp. a person who shows a biased, emotional allegiance.
Peacekeeping force
Military units that keep peace
Per capita
A Latin term that translates into "by head," basically meaning "average per person."
Planned economy
an economic system in which the government controls and regulates production, distribution, prices, etc.
Plebiscite
A direct vote in which a country’s people have the opportunity to approve or reject a proposal
Pogrom
One of the organized campaigns of violence against Jewish communities in the late 19th century Russia
Policy of containment
was a United States policy using military, economic, and diplomatic strategies to temper the spread of communism, enhance America’s security and influence abroad, and prevent a "domino effect". A component of the Cold War, this policy was a response to a series of moves by the Soviet Union to expand communist influence in Eastern Europe, China, Korea, and Vietnam.
Politboro
The ruling committee of the communist party of the U.S.S.R.
Postmodernism
any of a number of trends or movements in the arts and literature developing in the 1970s in reaction to or rejection of the dogma, principles, or practices of established modernism, esp. a movement in architecture and the decorative arts running counter to the practice and influence of the International Style and encouraging the use of elements from historical vernacular styles and often playful illusion, decoration, and complexity.
Proletariat
the class of wage earners, esp. those who earn their living by manual labor or who are dependent for support on daily or casual employment; the working class.
Propaganda
information, ideas, or rumors deliberately spread widely to help or harm a person, group, movement, institution, nation, etc.
Real Wages
wages estimated not in money but in purchasing power
Reichstag
the lower house of the parliament during the period of the Second Reich and the Weimar Republic.
Reparation
the making of amends for wrong or injury done
Sanction
1.authoritative permission or approval, as for an action.
Satellite state
is a political term that refers to a country that is formally independent, but under heavy influence or control by another country. The term was coined by analogy to stellar objects orbiting a larger object, such as smaller moons revolving around larger planets, and is used mainly to refer to Central and Eastern European countries
Socialism
a theory or system of social organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production and distribution, of capital, land, etc., in the community as a whole.
State capitalism
a form of capitalism in which the central government controls most of the capital, industry, natural resources, etc.
Total war
a war in which every available weapon is used and the nation's full financial resources are devoted
Totalitarian state
a government that subordinates the individual to the state and strictly controls all aspects of life by coercive measures
Urban society
is the sociological study of social life and human interaction in metropolitan areas. It is a normative discipline of sociology seeking to study the structures, processes, changes and problems of an urban area and by doing so providing inputs for planning and policy making
Viceroy
a person appointed to rule a country or province as the deputy of the sovereign
War Communism
was the economic and political system that existed in the Soviet Russia during the Russian Civil War, from 1918 to 1921. According to Soviet historiography, this policy was adopted by the Bolsheviks with the aim of keeping towns and the Red Army supplied with weapons and food, in conditions in which all normal economic mechanisms and relations were being destroyed by the war. "War communism", which began in June 1918, was enforced by the Supreme Economic Council, known as the Vesenkha. It ended on March 21, 1921 with the beginning of the NEP (New Economic Policy), which lasted until 1928.
Welfare State
a state in which the welfare of the people in such matters as social security, health and education, housing, and working conditions is the responsibility of the government